Perhaps except for infertility in science fiction, films and other fiction depicting emotional struggles of assisted reproductive technology have had an upswing first in the latter part of the 2000s decade, although the techniques have been available for decades. Yet, the amount of people that can relate to it by personal experience in one way or another is ever growing, and the variety of trials and struggles is huge.
Thursday, 29 September 2011
Psychological impact
The consequences of infertility are manifold and can include societal repercussions and personal suffering. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF, can offer hope to many couples where treatment is available, although barriers exist in terms of medical coverage and affordability. The medicalization of infertility has unwittingly led to a disregard for the emotional responses that couples experience, which include distress, loss of control, stigmatization, and a disruption in the developmental trajectory of adulthood.
Infertility may have profound psychological effects. Partners may become more anxious to conceive, ironically increasing sexual dysfunction. Marital discord often develops in infertile couples, especially when they are under pressure to make medical decisions. Women trying to conceive often have clinical depression rates similar to women who have heart disease or cancer. Even couples undertaking IVF face considerable stress.
Emotional stress and marital difficulties are greater in couples where the infertility lies with the man.
Infertility may have profound psychological effects. Partners may become more anxious to conceive, ironically increasing sexual dysfunction. Marital discord often develops in infertile couples, especially when they are under pressure to make medical decisions. Women trying to conceive often have clinical depression rates similar to women who have heart disease or cancer. Even couples undertaking IVF face considerable stress.
Emotional stress and marital difficulties are greater in couples where the infertility lies with the man.
Complementary and alternative treatments
Three complementary or alternative female infertility treatments have been scientifically tested, with results published in peer-reviewed medical journals.
- Group psychological intervention: A 2000 Harvard Medical School study examined the effects of group psychological intervention on infertile women (trying to conceive a duration of one to two years). The two intervention groups—a support group and a cognitive behavior group—had statistically significant higher pregnancy rates than the control group
- Acupuncture: Acupuncture performed 25 minutes before and after IVF embryo transfer increased IVF pregnancy rates in a German study published in 2002. In a similar study conducted by The University of South Australia in 2006, there was no statistically significant difference in fertility between the group which received acupuncture and the control group. Although definitive results of the effects of acupuncture on embryo transfer remain a topic of discussion, study authors state that it appears to be a safe - although not necessarily effective - adjunct to IVF.
- Manual physical therapy: The Wurn Technique, a manual manipulative physical therapy treatment, was shown in peer reviewed publications to improve natural and IVF pregnancy rates in infertile women in a 2004 study,and to open and return function to blocked fallopian tubes in a 2008 study.The therapy was designed to address adhesions restricting function and mobility of the reproductive organs
Unexplained infertility
In the US, up to 20% of infertile couples have unexplained infertility. In these cases abnormalities are likely to be present but not detected by current methods. Possible problems could be that the egg is not released at the optimum time for fertilization, that it may not enter the fallopian tube, sperm may not be able to reach the egg, fertilization may fail to occur, transport of the zygote may be disturbed, or implantation fails. It is increasingly recognized that egg quality is of critical importance and women of advanced maternal age have eggs of reduced capacity for normal and successful fertilization. Also, polymorphisms in folate pathway genes could be one reason for fertility complications in some women with unexplained infertility.
Causes in either sex
Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are:
- Genetic factors
- A Robertsonian translocation in either partner may cause recurrent spontaneous abortions or complete infertility.
- General factors
- Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, adrenal disease
- Hypothalamic-pituitary factors
- Environmental factors
- Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides. Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.
Wednesday, 24 August 2011
Treatment of Primary infertility
There are many treatments for infertility. These include medical procedures, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI), fertilized eggs transfer (FET), etc. There are also some natural precautions you need to do to increase your chances of getting pregnant. You should treat your body with care, which means you should eat a balanced diet and take vitamins. You must also be exercise and using stress reduction techniques like meditation, yoga and acupuncture. When you treat your body well, you have a better chance of defeating your primary infertility and get pregnant successfully.
Causes of Primary infertility
Infertility can be caused by many different factors. Women struggling with fertility, mainly have problems with ovulation. There are other reasons for female infertility, including: the inability of the eggs to attach to the lining of the uterus, the inability of the eggs travel to the uterus, the inability to produce eggs, clotting disorders, autoimmune disorders, the alcohol abuse, excessive exercise, cysts, hormone imbalances, etc.
Primary infertility in men is usually about problems with the sperm. Sometimes the sperm are malformed and can not fertilize the egg. Semen may also have mobility problems or simply not be big enough. Male infertility may also be due to smoking, age, testicular infections, excessive alcohol consumption, environmental pollutants and so on.
Primary infertility in men is usually about problems with the sperm. Sometimes the sperm are malformed and can not fertilize the egg. Semen may also have mobility problems or simply not be big enough. Male infertility may also be due to smoking, age, testicular infections, excessive alcohol consumption, environmental pollutants and so on.
Primary infertility
Primary infertility is the term used to describe the joint fertility of a couple when they were able to conceive after 12 months at least sex.
Although it is possible for partners to be infertile, it is not necessarily true at all:
* A partner may be infertile and the other not;
* Either party may require treatment to increase fertility, either by nature or by medical intervention, both of which can lead to pregnancy.
Unless one partner - or both - have a known medical condition that causes infertility, there is no way of knowing whether someone is or is not sterile.
Unfortunately, the only physical symptom of infertility in many cases a pair is the inability to become pregnant.
When there are fertility problems, both sides need to see their doctor for fertility tests.
Although it is possible for partners to be infertile, it is not necessarily true at all:
* A partner may be infertile and the other not;
* Either party may require treatment to increase fertility, either by nature or by medical intervention, both of which can lead to pregnancy.
Unless one partner - or both - have a known medical condition that causes infertility, there is no way of knowing whether someone is or is not sterile.
Unfortunately, the only physical symptom of infertility in many cases a pair is the inability to become pregnant.
When there are fertility problems, both sides need to see their doctor for fertility tests.
Prevention of Female infertility
If you are a woman planning to become pregnant in the near future or in the future, there are a few ways you can improve the opportunities to take the normal fertility:
Maintain a normal weight. Overweight women and underweight have an increased risk of ovulation disorders. If you need to lose weight, exercise moderately. Fierce, intense exercise of more than seven hours per week was associated with decreased ovulation.
Quit smoking. Smoking has many negative effects on fertility, not to mention your overall health and the health of the fetus. If you smoke and are considering pregnancy, you must leave now.
Limit alcohol. Heavy drinking - eight or more drinks per week - can lead to fertility.
Reduce stress. Some studies have shown that couples experiencing psychological stress had lower results in infertility. If possible, find a way to reduce stress in your life before you become pregnant.
Limit caffeine. Cut the caffeine intake of less than six cups of coffee a day.
Maintain a normal weight. Overweight women and underweight have an increased risk of ovulation disorders. If you need to lose weight, exercise moderately. Fierce, intense exercise of more than seven hours per week was associated with decreased ovulation.
Quit smoking. Smoking has many negative effects on fertility, not to mention your overall health and the health of the fetus. If you smoke and are considering pregnancy, you must leave now.
Limit alcohol. Heavy drinking - eight or more drinks per week - can lead to fertility.
Reduce stress. Some studies have shown that couples experiencing psychological stress had lower results in infertility. If possible, find a way to reduce stress in your life before you become pregnant.
Limit caffeine. Cut the caffeine intake of less than six cups of coffee a day.
Coping and support Of Female Infertility
Addressing female infertility can be stressful physically and emotionally. To cope with the vagaries of sterility testing and treatment, to consider the following options:
Be prepared. The uncertainty of infertility tests and treatments can be difficult and stressful. Ask your doctor to explain the actions he or she intends to take, so you can prepare for each. Understand the process and what is your next step will be to reduce your anxiety somewhat.
Seek support. Although infertility can be a very personal matter, approach your partner, family or friends for support. Many online support groups allow you to maintain your anonymity to discuss issues related to infertility. Do not hesitate to seek professional help if the emotional burden is too heavy for you or your partner.
Exercise and a healthy diet. Keep your moderate exercise routine and healthy diet can improve your Outlook and stay focused on living your life in spite of fertility problems.
Consider other options. Determine alternatives - adoption, donor sperm or eggs, or even have children - as early as possible in the process of fertility treatment. This can reduce anxiety during treatments and disappointment if conception does not occur.
Be prepared. The uncertainty of infertility tests and treatments can be difficult and stressful. Ask your doctor to explain the actions he or she intends to take, so you can prepare for each. Understand the process and what is your next step will be to reduce your anxiety somewhat.
Seek support. Although infertility can be a very personal matter, approach your partner, family or friends for support. Many online support groups allow you to maintain your anonymity to discuss issues related to infertility. Do not hesitate to seek professional help if the emotional burden is too heavy for you or your partner.
Exercise and a healthy diet. Keep your moderate exercise routine and healthy diet can improve your Outlook and stay focused on living your life in spite of fertility problems.
Consider other options. Determine alternatives - adoption, donor sperm or eggs, or even have children - as early as possible in the process of fertility treatment. This can reduce anxiety during treatments and disappointment if conception does not occur.
Treatment of Female infertility
How is infertility depends on the cause, your age, how long they have been sterile and personal preferences. While some women only need one or two treatments to restore fertility, it is possible that several types of treatment may be needed before they can conceive.
Treatments may be trying to restore fertility - with drugs or surgery - or assist in the playback with sophisticated techniques.
Restoration of fertility: the stimulation of ovulation with fertility drugs
Fertility drugs that regulate or induce ovulation, is the main treatment for women who are infertile due to ovulation disorders. Generally, they work as natural hormones - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) - to induce ovulation.
Using fertility drugs carries some risk:
Getting pregnant with twins or other multiples. Oral medications have a relatively low risk of multiple (less than 10 percent), but the odds rise to about 15-20 percent of injectable drugs. Usually, the more you are carrying fetuses, the greater the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and development problems later. Sometimes the amount or timing of medication should be changed to try to reduce the risk of multiples. Counseling sessions may be canceled if a doctor detects the development of too many follicles, which could lead to ovulation of more than one egg.
Development of the enlargement of the ovary. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a condition that may result from the use of fertility drugs. In response to the medication, your ovaries overstimulated. In addition to the development of ovarian enlargement, you may experience abdominal pain and bloating, gastrointestinal problems and shortness of breath. Signs and symptoms may develop while you are with the induction of ovulation or during the early stages of pregnancy.
There are fertility drugs in an abnormal number of LH and FSH production. These medications include:
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene). This drug is taken orally and stimulates ovulation in women with PCOS or other ovulatory disorders. It causes the pituitary gland to release more FSH and LH, which stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle containing an egg. Clomiphene citrate also improves fertility in women ovulate normally and is often used as a first for unexplained infertility.
Gonadotropins. Instead of stimulating the pituitary to release more hormones, these treatments directly stimulate the ovaries. Often, medications are used in combination with gonadotropin intrauterine insemination (IUI) - a procedure in which sperm is injected into the uterus through a thin tube (catheter) - to increase the chances of pregnancy. Gonadotropin medications include:
Human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG (Repronex, Menopur). This medicine is injected into women who do not ovulate on their own because of the lack of the pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation. HMG contains FSH and LH, and directly stimulates the ovaries to ovulate.
Follicle stimulating hormone or FSH (Gonal-F, Follistim, Bravelle). FSH acts by stimulating the ovaries to produce mature follicles.
Human chorionic gonadotropin or hCG (Ovidrel, Pregnyl). Used in combination with clomiphene, HMG or FSH, this drug stimulates the follicle to release an egg (ovulation).
Metformin (Glucophage). This oral drug is used when insulin resistance is known or suspected cause of infertility, usually in women diagnosed with PCOS. Metformin improves insulin resistance, normalizes insulin and make it more likely ovulation.
Letrozole (Femara). Letrozole belongs to a class of drugs called aromatase inhibitors. Letrozole is also used to treat some breast cancers, can induce ovulation. However, the effectiveness of the drug on early pregnancy are not yet known, so this drug is not used for ovulation induction as often as others.
Fertility Restoration Surgery
Various surgical procedures can correct problems or enhance female fertility. These include:
Tissue samples. This surgery removes the endometrial tissue or pelvic adhesions or with laser ablation, which can improve your chances of getting pregnant.
Reversal of sterilization (microscopic). After the woman had a tubal ligation for permanent contraception (tubal ligation), surgery can be done to reconnect and restore fertility. Your doctor will determine if you are a good candidate for surgery.
Tubal surgery. If the fallopian tubes are blocked or filled with fluid (called hydrosalpinx), tubal surgery may improve your chances of getting pregnant. Laparoscopic surgery is performed to remove clamps, tubes to expand or create a new opening of the tube. Tubal surgery is more effective when the blocked or narrowed part of the tube is closer to the ovaries to the uterus. Obstruction of the tube near the uterus can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. In these and other serious cases, the blockage or hydrosalpinx, removal of the tube (salpingectomy) can improve the prospects of pregnancy with in vitro fertilization.
Help on reproduction: in vitro fertilization
This powerful technique is the recovery of mature eggs from a woman, fertilized with sperm from a man in a dish in a laboratory and the embryos are transferred into the uterus of three to five days after fertilization. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is often recommended when the fallopian tubes are blocked. It is also widely used for a number of conditions such as endometriosis, unexplained infertility, cervical infertility, male infertility and ovulation disorders. IVF increases the chances of having twins or multiple if more than one embryo is transferred to the uterus. IVF requires frequent blood tests and daily hormone injections.
Treatments may be trying to restore fertility - with drugs or surgery - or assist in the playback with sophisticated techniques.
Restoration of fertility: the stimulation of ovulation with fertility drugs
Fertility drugs that regulate or induce ovulation, is the main treatment for women who are infertile due to ovulation disorders. Generally, they work as natural hormones - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) - to induce ovulation.
Using fertility drugs carries some risk:
Getting pregnant with twins or other multiples. Oral medications have a relatively low risk of multiple (less than 10 percent), but the odds rise to about 15-20 percent of injectable drugs. Usually, the more you are carrying fetuses, the greater the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and development problems later. Sometimes the amount or timing of medication should be changed to try to reduce the risk of multiples. Counseling sessions may be canceled if a doctor detects the development of too many follicles, which could lead to ovulation of more than one egg.
Development of the enlargement of the ovary. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a condition that may result from the use of fertility drugs. In response to the medication, your ovaries overstimulated. In addition to the development of ovarian enlargement, you may experience abdominal pain and bloating, gastrointestinal problems and shortness of breath. Signs and symptoms may develop while you are with the induction of ovulation or during the early stages of pregnancy.
There are fertility drugs in an abnormal number of LH and FSH production. These medications include:
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene). This drug is taken orally and stimulates ovulation in women with PCOS or other ovulatory disorders. It causes the pituitary gland to release more FSH and LH, which stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle containing an egg. Clomiphene citrate also improves fertility in women ovulate normally and is often used as a first for unexplained infertility.
Gonadotropins. Instead of stimulating the pituitary to release more hormones, these treatments directly stimulate the ovaries. Often, medications are used in combination with gonadotropin intrauterine insemination (IUI) - a procedure in which sperm is injected into the uterus through a thin tube (catheter) - to increase the chances of pregnancy. Gonadotropin medications include:
Human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG (Repronex, Menopur). This medicine is injected into women who do not ovulate on their own because of the lack of the pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation. HMG contains FSH and LH, and directly stimulates the ovaries to ovulate.
Follicle stimulating hormone or FSH (Gonal-F, Follistim, Bravelle). FSH acts by stimulating the ovaries to produce mature follicles.
Human chorionic gonadotropin or hCG (Ovidrel, Pregnyl). Used in combination with clomiphene, HMG or FSH, this drug stimulates the follicle to release an egg (ovulation).
Metformin (Glucophage). This oral drug is used when insulin resistance is known or suspected cause of infertility, usually in women diagnosed with PCOS. Metformin improves insulin resistance, normalizes insulin and make it more likely ovulation.
Letrozole (Femara). Letrozole belongs to a class of drugs called aromatase inhibitors. Letrozole is also used to treat some breast cancers, can induce ovulation. However, the effectiveness of the drug on early pregnancy are not yet known, so this drug is not used for ovulation induction as often as others.
Fertility Restoration Surgery
Various surgical procedures can correct problems or enhance female fertility. These include:
Tissue samples. This surgery removes the endometrial tissue or pelvic adhesions or with laser ablation, which can improve your chances of getting pregnant.
Reversal of sterilization (microscopic). After the woman had a tubal ligation for permanent contraception (tubal ligation), surgery can be done to reconnect and restore fertility. Your doctor will determine if you are a good candidate for surgery.
Tubal surgery. If the fallopian tubes are blocked or filled with fluid (called hydrosalpinx), tubal surgery may improve your chances of getting pregnant. Laparoscopic surgery is performed to remove clamps, tubes to expand or create a new opening of the tube. Tubal surgery is more effective when the blocked or narrowed part of the tube is closer to the ovaries to the uterus. Obstruction of the tube near the uterus can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. In these and other serious cases, the blockage or hydrosalpinx, removal of the tube (salpingectomy) can improve the prospects of pregnancy with in vitro fertilization.
Help on reproduction: in vitro fertilization
This powerful technique is the recovery of mature eggs from a woman, fertilized with sperm from a man in a dish in a laboratory and the embryos are transferred into the uterus of three to five days after fertilization. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is often recommended when the fallopian tubes are blocked. It is also widely used for a number of conditions such as endometriosis, unexplained infertility, cervical infertility, male infertility and ovulation disorders. IVF increases the chances of having twins or multiple if more than one embryo is transferred to the uterus. IVF requires frequent blood tests and daily hormone injections.
Test a and diagnosis of Female infertility
If you have been unable to conceive within a reasonable period of time, seek help from your doctor for evaluation and treatment of infertility.
Fertility tests may include:
Ovulation Test. A blood test for progesterone, a hormone produced after ovulation, can demonstrate that you are ovulating. You can also check at home. A kit of over-the-counter ovulation prediction - a test that you can do at home - detects the rise of luteinizing hormone (LH) which occurs before ovulation.
Hysterosalpingography. This test evaluates the size and shape of your uterus and see if the fallopian tubes are open. The fluid is injected into the uterus and an X-ray is taken to determine if the uterine cavity is normal and the fluid passes from the uterus and fallopian tubes in your file. If abnormalities are found, you may need further evaluation. In some women, the test itself can improve fertility, and possibly discover the opening of the fallopian tubes.
Laparoscopy. Usually done on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia, laparoscopy allows the physician to view the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus to check for endometriosis, scarring, blockages or irregularities. First, the doctor makes a small incision (8 to 10 mm) below the navel and inserts a needle into the abdominal cavity. A small amount of gas (carbon dioxide usually) is inserted into the abdomen to create space for the entry of the laparoscope - a lighted optical, fiber telescope. If you give your consent before surgery, your doctor can remove endometrial adhesions, treatment of scars or other problems with the use of sharp instruments, laser ablation during the procedure.
Ovarian reserve test. Women at risk of a reduced supply of eggs - including women over 35, those with autoimmune diseases and snuff - maybe this series of blood tests and imaging, performed on certain days of the menstrual cycle. These include blood tests for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration of three days of their cycle, the clomiphene citrate challenge test (CCCT), which received five doses of clomiphene citrate ovarian stimulation drugs preceded and followed by a blood test to assess their level of ovarian estrogen ultrasound to determine the volume of the ovaries or the number of follicles, and blood tests to detect other markers of ovarian reserve.
Hormone tests. Proof of specific hormones such as FSH and prolactin, a doctor can determine if undiagnosed can interfere with fertility.
Fertility tests may include:
Ovulation Test. A blood test for progesterone, a hormone produced after ovulation, can demonstrate that you are ovulating. You can also check at home. A kit of over-the-counter ovulation prediction - a test that you can do at home - detects the rise of luteinizing hormone (LH) which occurs before ovulation.
Hysterosalpingography. This test evaluates the size and shape of your uterus and see if the fallopian tubes are open. The fluid is injected into the uterus and an X-ray is taken to determine if the uterine cavity is normal and the fluid passes from the uterus and fallopian tubes in your file. If abnormalities are found, you may need further evaluation. In some women, the test itself can improve fertility, and possibly discover the opening of the fallopian tubes.
Laparoscopy. Usually done on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia, laparoscopy allows the physician to view the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus to check for endometriosis, scarring, blockages or irregularities. First, the doctor makes a small incision (8 to 10 mm) below the navel and inserts a needle into the abdominal cavity. A small amount of gas (carbon dioxide usually) is inserted into the abdomen to create space for the entry of the laparoscope - a lighted optical, fiber telescope. If you give your consent before surgery, your doctor can remove endometrial adhesions, treatment of scars or other problems with the use of sharp instruments, laser ablation during the procedure.
Ovarian reserve test. Women at risk of a reduced supply of eggs - including women over 35, those with autoimmune diseases and snuff - maybe this series of blood tests and imaging, performed on certain days of the menstrual cycle. These include blood tests for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration of three days of their cycle, the clomiphene citrate challenge test (CCCT), which received five doses of clomiphene citrate ovarian stimulation drugs preceded and followed by a blood test to assess their level of ovarian estrogen ultrasound to determine the volume of the ovaries or the number of follicles, and blood tests to detect other markers of ovarian reserve.
Hormone tests. Proof of specific hormones such as FSH and prolactin, a doctor can determine if undiagnosed can interfere with fertility.
Risk factors in Female infertility
Some things you can put at increased risk of infertility. They include:
Age. After 32 years, the amount and quality of eggs from a woman begins to decline. In his 30 years of age, the rate of loss of follicles accelerates, resulting in fewer eggs of lower quality, which makes the design more difficult. Women over 35 are also at higher risk of babies with chromosomal abnormalities and miscarriage.
Smoking. Further damage to the cervix and fallopian tubes, smoking increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. It is also believed that at the age of her ovaries and deplete its egg prematurely, which reduces their ability to become pregnant. Many fertility specialists recommend setting a date to quit smoking before beginning fertility treatment.
Weight. If you are overweight or enough, can inhibit normal ovulation. Go to a body mass index (BMI) has been shown to increase the frequency of ovulation and the likelihood of pregnancy.
Sexual history. STDs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause damage to the fallopian tube. Taken after unprotected sex with multiple partners increases the chances of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD), which can cause fertility problems later.
Alcohol. Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of ovulation disorders and endometriosis.
Caffeine. Consume more than the equivalent of six cups of coffee per day (900 milligrams) can reduce your fertility.
Age. After 32 years, the amount and quality of eggs from a woman begins to decline. In his 30 years of age, the rate of loss of follicles accelerates, resulting in fewer eggs of lower quality, which makes the design more difficult. Women over 35 are also at higher risk of babies with chromosomal abnormalities and miscarriage.
Smoking. Further damage to the cervix and fallopian tubes, smoking increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. It is also believed that at the age of her ovaries and deplete its egg prematurely, which reduces their ability to become pregnant. Many fertility specialists recommend setting a date to quit smoking before beginning fertility treatment.
Weight. If you are overweight or enough, can inhibit normal ovulation. Go to a body mass index (BMI) has been shown to increase the frequency of ovulation and the likelihood of pregnancy.
Sexual history. STDs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause damage to the fallopian tube. Taken after unprotected sex with multiple partners increases the chances of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD), which can cause fertility problems later.
Alcohol. Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of ovulation disorders and endometriosis.
Caffeine. Consume more than the equivalent of six cups of coffee per day (900 milligrams) can reduce your fertility.
Causes of Female infertility
In order to get pregnant, each of these factors is essential:
You have to ovulate. Achieve pregnancy requires that you have an irregular menstrual cycle, where an egg is released, a process called ovulation. Your doctor can help you assess your menstrual cycle to confirm ovulation.
Have your partner cum. For most couples, it is not a problem unless your partner has a history of illness or surgery. Your doctor may do some simple tests to assess the health of the sperm of your partner.
You need to have periodic reports. You need to have regular sex during the fertile period. Your doctor can help you understand when they are most fertile in her cycle.
Pregnancy, every part of the complex process of human reproduction - ovarian released a mature egg from implantation of the fertilized ovum fertilization and growth in the womb - has done right. In women, a number of factors can interfere with this process at any time. Female infertility is due to one or more of these factors.
Disorders of ovulation
Ovulation problems account for infertility in 25 percent of infertile couples. These can be caused by defects in the regulation of reproductive hormones in the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, or ovary problems in itself. You have an ovulation disorder, if you are ovulating regularly or not at all.
Abnormal FSH and LH secretion. The two hormones responsible for stimulating ovulation each month - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) - are produced by the pituitary gland in a specific pattern during the menstrual cycle. Excessive physical or emotional stress, weighing very high or very low or a recent weight gain or a significant loss - for example, 10 percent of your body weight - can disrupt this pattern and affect ovulation . The main symptom of this problem is irregular or absent periods. Much less frequently, specific diseases of the pituitary gland, usually associated with deficiencies of other hormones or excess production of prolactin, be the cause.
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In PCOS appears to complex changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries, which causes an overproduction of male hormones (androgens), which affects ovulation. PCOS can also be associated with insulin resistance and obesity.
Luteal phase defect. Luteal phase error happens when your ovary does not produce enough of the hormone progesterone after ovulation. Progesterone is essential to prepare the uterus for a fertilized egg.
Premature ovarian failure. This disorder is usually caused by an autoimmune reaction where the body mistakenly attacks the ovarian tissue. This results in a loss of eggs in the ovaries, and in the production of estrogen decreases.
Damage to the fallopian tubes (tubal infertility)
Once the fallopian tubes are damaged or blocked, keeping the sperm to travel to the egg or close the passage of the fertilized egg in the uterus. Causes damage or blockage of the fallopian tubes may include:
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) due to chlamydia or gonorrhea
Previous ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized egg implants and begins to develop in the fallopian tube instead of uterus
Previous surgery in the abdomen or pelvis
Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows normally implants and grows outside. This tissue growth in the most - and the surgical removal of it - can cause scarring, which reduces fertility. Scientists believe that the excess tissue can also produce substances that affect the project.
Cervical stenosis or obstruction
Also known as cervical stenosis, this may be due to genetic deformities or damage to the cervix. The result is that the cervix is unable to produce the best type of mucus, sperm motility and fertilization. In addition, the opening of the cervix may be closed, preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
Uterine causes
Benign polyps or tumors (benign tumors or myomas) in the uterus, regular women in their 30s, can impair fertility by blocking the fallopian tubes, or by interfering with implantation. However, many women suffer from fibroids can become pregnant. Scarring inside the uterus may also interfere with the plant, and some women are born with abnormalities such as abnormally shaped uterus (bicornuate) uterus, or may have trouble becoming pregnant.
Unexplained infertility
In some cases, a cause of infertility never found. It is possible that combinations of minor factors in both parts of the underlying unexplained fertility problems. The good news is that couples with unexplained infertility have a higher incidence of spontaneous pregnancies of all infertile couples.
You have to ovulate. Achieve pregnancy requires that you have an irregular menstrual cycle, where an egg is released, a process called ovulation. Your doctor can help you assess your menstrual cycle to confirm ovulation.
Have your partner cum. For most couples, it is not a problem unless your partner has a history of illness or surgery. Your doctor may do some simple tests to assess the health of the sperm of your partner.
You need to have periodic reports. You need to have regular sex during the fertile period. Your doctor can help you understand when they are most fertile in her cycle.
Pregnancy, every part of the complex process of human reproduction - ovarian released a mature egg from implantation of the fertilized ovum fertilization and growth in the womb - has done right. In women, a number of factors can interfere with this process at any time. Female infertility is due to one or more of these factors.
Disorders of ovulation
Ovulation problems account for infertility in 25 percent of infertile couples. These can be caused by defects in the regulation of reproductive hormones in the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, or ovary problems in itself. You have an ovulation disorder, if you are ovulating regularly or not at all.
Abnormal FSH and LH secretion. The two hormones responsible for stimulating ovulation each month - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) - are produced by the pituitary gland in a specific pattern during the menstrual cycle. Excessive physical or emotional stress, weighing very high or very low or a recent weight gain or a significant loss - for example, 10 percent of your body weight - can disrupt this pattern and affect ovulation . The main symptom of this problem is irregular or absent periods. Much less frequently, specific diseases of the pituitary gland, usually associated with deficiencies of other hormones or excess production of prolactin, be the cause.
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In PCOS appears to complex changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries, which causes an overproduction of male hormones (androgens), which affects ovulation. PCOS can also be associated with insulin resistance and obesity.
Luteal phase defect. Luteal phase error happens when your ovary does not produce enough of the hormone progesterone after ovulation. Progesterone is essential to prepare the uterus for a fertilized egg.
Premature ovarian failure. This disorder is usually caused by an autoimmune reaction where the body mistakenly attacks the ovarian tissue. This results in a loss of eggs in the ovaries, and in the production of estrogen decreases.
Damage to the fallopian tubes (tubal infertility)
Once the fallopian tubes are damaged or blocked, keeping the sperm to travel to the egg or close the passage of the fertilized egg in the uterus. Causes damage or blockage of the fallopian tubes may include:
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) due to chlamydia or gonorrhea
Previous ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized egg implants and begins to develop in the fallopian tube instead of uterus
Previous surgery in the abdomen or pelvis
Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows normally implants and grows outside. This tissue growth in the most - and the surgical removal of it - can cause scarring, which reduces fertility. Scientists believe that the excess tissue can also produce substances that affect the project.
Cervical stenosis or obstruction
Also known as cervical stenosis, this may be due to genetic deformities or damage to the cervix. The result is that the cervix is unable to produce the best type of mucus, sperm motility and fertilization. In addition, the opening of the cervix may be closed, preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
Uterine causes
Benign polyps or tumors (benign tumors or myomas) in the uterus, regular women in their 30s, can impair fertility by blocking the fallopian tubes, or by interfering with implantation. However, many women suffer from fibroids can become pregnant. Scarring inside the uterus may also interfere with the plant, and some women are born with abnormalities such as abnormally shaped uterus (bicornuate) uterus, or may have trouble becoming pregnant.
Unexplained infertility
In some cases, a cause of infertility never found. It is possible that combinations of minor factors in both parts of the underlying unexplained fertility problems. The good news is that couples with unexplained infertility have a higher incidence of spontaneous pregnancies of all infertile couples.
Symptoms OF Female infertility
The main symptom of infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive. Abnormal menstrual cycle, which is too long (35 days or more) or too short (less than 21 days) may be a sign of infertility in women. He will have no other outward signs or symptoms.
When to see a doctor
If you are 30 years or younger, most doctors recommend that pregnant for at least a year before any testing or treatment.
If you are between 35 and 40, discuss your concerns with your doctor after six months of testing.
If you are over 40 or have a history of irregular or painful periods, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), recurrent miscarriage, pre-treatment of cancer or endometriosis, your doctor may want to start testing or treatment immediately .
When to see a doctor
If you are 30 years or younger, most doctors recommend that pregnant for at least a year before any testing or treatment.
If you are between 35 and 40, discuss your concerns with your doctor after six months of testing.
If you are over 40 or have a history of irregular or painful periods, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), recurrent miscarriage, pre-treatment of cancer or endometriosis, your doctor may want to start testing or treatment immediately .
Female infertility Overview
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| Female infertility |
In general, infertility is due to factors of female infertility about a third of the time, and factors of male infertility about a third of the time. In the other, the reason is unknown factors or a combination of male and female.
The cause of female infertility can be difficult to diagnose, but many treatments are available. Treatment is not always necessary: half of infertile couples go to conceive spontaneously within 24 months.
Prevention Of Male infertility
Many types of male infertility are not preventable. However, you can avoid some of the known causes of male infertility:
No smoking.
Avoid excessive drinking.
Steer clear of illegal drugs.
Maintain weight.
Do vasectomies.
Avoid heat.
Reduce stress.
No smoking.
Avoid excessive drinking.
Steer clear of illegal drugs.
Maintain weight.
Do vasectomies.
Avoid heat.
Reduce stress.
Coping And Support Of Male infertility
Treating infertility can be difficult. It is a known problem - can not predict how long it takes or what the outcome will be. Infertility is not necessarily solved with hard work. The emotional charge of a couple is considerable, and plans to deal with can help.
Planning emotional
Set limits. Decide in advance how many and what procedures are emotionally and financially acceptable for you and your partner and determine the final frontier. Fertility treatment can be expensive and often not covered by insurance. A successful pregnancy often depends on repeated attempts. Some couples become so focused on the treatment that they continue with fertility procedures until they are emotionally and financially drained.
To consider other options. Determine alternatives - adoption, donor sperm or egg, or even have children - as early as possible in the process of fertility. This can reduce anxiety during treatments and feelings of hopelessness if conception does not occur.
Talk about your feelings. Find support groups or counseling to help before and after treatment to help support the process and facilitate the treatment of pain should fail.
Managing emotional stress during treatment
Practice stress reduction techniques. Examples include yoga, meditation and massage therapy.
Consider the idea of counseling. Councils, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, which uses methods that include relaxation training and stress management, has been associated with higher pregnancy rates.
Expression. Reaching out to others instead of holding feelings such as guilt or anger.
Stay in touch with loved ones. Talk with your partner, your family and friends can be very beneficial. The best support often comes from relatives and loved ones.
Planning emotional
Set limits. Decide in advance how many and what procedures are emotionally and financially acceptable for you and your partner and determine the final frontier. Fertility treatment can be expensive and often not covered by insurance. A successful pregnancy often depends on repeated attempts. Some couples become so focused on the treatment that they continue with fertility procedures until they are emotionally and financially drained.
To consider other options. Determine alternatives - adoption, donor sperm or egg, or even have children - as early as possible in the process of fertility. This can reduce anxiety during treatments and feelings of hopelessness if conception does not occur.
Talk about your feelings. Find support groups or counseling to help before and after treatment to help support the process and facilitate the treatment of pain should fail.
Managing emotional stress during treatment
Practice stress reduction techniques. Examples include yoga, meditation and massage therapy.
Consider the idea of counseling. Councils, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, which uses methods that include relaxation training and stress management, has been associated with higher pregnancy rates.
Expression. Reaching out to others instead of holding feelings such as guilt or anger.
Stay in touch with loved ones. Talk with your partner, your family and friends can be very beneficial. The best support often comes from relatives and loved ones.
Medicine Of Male infertility
Is still limited evidence on whether - and how - herbs or supplements may help increase male fertility. Some, such as zinc, can help if you have a disability.
Supplements that shows some promise for improving the quality of sperm or semen quality include:
Vitamin C
Zinc
Selenium
Vitamin E
Vitamin B-12
Asian ginseng
Other supplements - including the L-arginine and L-Carnitine - may help improve sperm quality, but more research is needed.
Talk to your doctor before taking any herbal remedies or supplements, as some can cause damage when large doses (megadoses), and some can cause problems when taking certain medications.
Supplements that shows some promise for improving the quality of sperm or semen quality include:
Vitamin C
Zinc
Selenium
Vitamin E
Vitamin B-12
Asian ginseng
Other supplements - including the L-arginine and L-Carnitine - may help improve sperm quality, but more research is needed.
Talk to your doctor before taking any herbal remedies or supplements, as some can cause damage when large doses (megadoses), and some can cause problems when taking certain medications.
Lifestyle In Male infertility
Here are some steps you can take at home to increase your chances of getting pregnant:
Increase the frequency of sex. Having sex every day can increase your chances of getting your partner pregnant. However, ejaculation more frequently than every 48 hours can reduce sperm count.
Sex, when fertilization is possible. A woman may get pregnant during ovulation - which occurs in half of the menstrual cycle, between periods. Experts usually recommend having intercourse every other day near the time of ovulation. This ensures that the sperm can live for several days, is present when the planning is possible.
Avoid the use of lubricants. Some products such as KY Jelly or Astroglide, lotions, and saliva has been shown to reduce the movement of sperm. Ask your doctor about sperm safe lubricant.
Increase the frequency of sex. Having sex every day can increase your chances of getting your partner pregnant. However, ejaculation more frequently than every 48 hours can reduce sperm count.
Sex, when fertilization is possible. A woman may get pregnant during ovulation - which occurs in half of the menstrual cycle, between periods. Experts usually recommend having intercourse every other day near the time of ovulation. This ensures that the sperm can live for several days, is present when the planning is possible.
Avoid the use of lubricants. Some products such as KY Jelly or Astroglide, lotions, and saliva has been shown to reduce the movement of sperm. Ask your doctor about sperm safe lubricant.
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