Perhaps except for infertility in science fiction, films and other fiction depicting emotional struggles of assisted reproductive technology have had an upswing first in the latter part of the 2000s decade, although the techniques have been available for decades. Yet, the amount of people that can relate to it by personal experience in one way or another is ever growing, and the variety of trials and struggles is huge.
Thursday, 29 September 2011
Psychological impact
The consequences of infertility are manifold and can include societal repercussions and personal suffering. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF, can offer hope to many couples where treatment is available, although barriers exist in terms of medical coverage and affordability. The medicalization of infertility has unwittingly led to a disregard for the emotional responses that couples experience, which include distress, loss of control, stigmatization, and a disruption in the developmental trajectory of adulthood.
Infertility may have profound psychological effects. Partners may become more anxious to conceive, ironically increasing sexual dysfunction. Marital discord often develops in infertile couples, especially when they are under pressure to make medical decisions. Women trying to conceive often have clinical depression rates similar to women who have heart disease or cancer. Even couples undertaking IVF face considerable stress.
Emotional stress and marital difficulties are greater in couples where the infertility lies with the man.
Infertility may have profound psychological effects. Partners may become more anxious to conceive, ironically increasing sexual dysfunction. Marital discord often develops in infertile couples, especially when they are under pressure to make medical decisions. Women trying to conceive often have clinical depression rates similar to women who have heart disease or cancer. Even couples undertaking IVF face considerable stress.
Emotional stress and marital difficulties are greater in couples where the infertility lies with the man.
Complementary and alternative treatments
Three complementary or alternative female infertility treatments have been scientifically tested, with results published in peer-reviewed medical journals.
- Group psychological intervention: A 2000 Harvard Medical School study examined the effects of group psychological intervention on infertile women (trying to conceive a duration of one to two years). The two intervention groups—a support group and a cognitive behavior group—had statistically significant higher pregnancy rates than the control group
- Acupuncture: Acupuncture performed 25 minutes before and after IVF embryo transfer increased IVF pregnancy rates in a German study published in 2002. In a similar study conducted by The University of South Australia in 2006, there was no statistically significant difference in fertility between the group which received acupuncture and the control group. Although definitive results of the effects of acupuncture on embryo transfer remain a topic of discussion, study authors state that it appears to be a safe - although not necessarily effective - adjunct to IVF.
- Manual physical therapy: The Wurn Technique, a manual manipulative physical therapy treatment, was shown in peer reviewed publications to improve natural and IVF pregnancy rates in infertile women in a 2004 study,and to open and return function to blocked fallopian tubes in a 2008 study.The therapy was designed to address adhesions restricting function and mobility of the reproductive organs
Unexplained infertility
In the US, up to 20% of infertile couples have unexplained infertility. In these cases abnormalities are likely to be present but not detected by current methods. Possible problems could be that the egg is not released at the optimum time for fertilization, that it may not enter the fallopian tube, sperm may not be able to reach the egg, fertilization may fail to occur, transport of the zygote may be disturbed, or implantation fails. It is increasingly recognized that egg quality is of critical importance and women of advanced maternal age have eggs of reduced capacity for normal and successful fertilization. Also, polymorphisms in folate pathway genes could be one reason for fertility complications in some women with unexplained infertility.
Causes in either sex
Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are:
- Genetic factors
- A Robertsonian translocation in either partner may cause recurrent spontaneous abortions or complete infertility.
- General factors
- Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, adrenal disease
- Hypothalamic-pituitary factors
- Environmental factors
- Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides. Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.
Wednesday, 24 August 2011
Treatment of Primary infertility
There are many treatments for infertility. These include medical procedures, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI), fertilized eggs transfer (FET), etc. There are also some natural precautions you need to do to increase your chances of getting pregnant. You should treat your body with care, which means you should eat a balanced diet and take vitamins. You must also be exercise and using stress reduction techniques like meditation, yoga and acupuncture. When you treat your body well, you have a better chance of defeating your primary infertility and get pregnant successfully.
Causes of Primary infertility
Infertility can be caused by many different factors. Women struggling with fertility, mainly have problems with ovulation. There are other reasons for female infertility, including: the inability of the eggs to attach to the lining of the uterus, the inability of the eggs travel to the uterus, the inability to produce eggs, clotting disorders, autoimmune disorders, the alcohol abuse, excessive exercise, cysts, hormone imbalances, etc.
Primary infertility in men is usually about problems with the sperm. Sometimes the sperm are malformed and can not fertilize the egg. Semen may also have mobility problems or simply not be big enough. Male infertility may also be due to smoking, age, testicular infections, excessive alcohol consumption, environmental pollutants and so on.
Primary infertility in men is usually about problems with the sperm. Sometimes the sperm are malformed and can not fertilize the egg. Semen may also have mobility problems or simply not be big enough. Male infertility may also be due to smoking, age, testicular infections, excessive alcohol consumption, environmental pollutants and so on.
Primary infertility
Primary infertility is the term used to describe the joint fertility of a couple when they were able to conceive after 12 months at least sex.
Although it is possible for partners to be infertile, it is not necessarily true at all:
* A partner may be infertile and the other not;
* Either party may require treatment to increase fertility, either by nature or by medical intervention, both of which can lead to pregnancy.
Unless one partner - or both - have a known medical condition that causes infertility, there is no way of knowing whether someone is or is not sterile.
Unfortunately, the only physical symptom of infertility in many cases a pair is the inability to become pregnant.
When there are fertility problems, both sides need to see their doctor for fertility tests.
Although it is possible for partners to be infertile, it is not necessarily true at all:
* A partner may be infertile and the other not;
* Either party may require treatment to increase fertility, either by nature or by medical intervention, both of which can lead to pregnancy.
Unless one partner - or both - have a known medical condition that causes infertility, there is no way of knowing whether someone is or is not sterile.
Unfortunately, the only physical symptom of infertility in many cases a pair is the inability to become pregnant.
When there are fertility problems, both sides need to see their doctor for fertility tests.
Prevention of Female infertility
If you are a woman planning to become pregnant in the near future or in the future, there are a few ways you can improve the opportunities to take the normal fertility:
Maintain a normal weight. Overweight women and underweight have an increased risk of ovulation disorders. If you need to lose weight, exercise moderately. Fierce, intense exercise of more than seven hours per week was associated with decreased ovulation.
Quit smoking. Smoking has many negative effects on fertility, not to mention your overall health and the health of the fetus. If you smoke and are considering pregnancy, you must leave now.
Limit alcohol. Heavy drinking - eight or more drinks per week - can lead to fertility.
Reduce stress. Some studies have shown that couples experiencing psychological stress had lower results in infertility. If possible, find a way to reduce stress in your life before you become pregnant.
Limit caffeine. Cut the caffeine intake of less than six cups of coffee a day.
Maintain a normal weight. Overweight women and underweight have an increased risk of ovulation disorders. If you need to lose weight, exercise moderately. Fierce, intense exercise of more than seven hours per week was associated with decreased ovulation.
Quit smoking. Smoking has many negative effects on fertility, not to mention your overall health and the health of the fetus. If you smoke and are considering pregnancy, you must leave now.
Limit alcohol. Heavy drinking - eight or more drinks per week - can lead to fertility.
Reduce stress. Some studies have shown that couples experiencing psychological stress had lower results in infertility. If possible, find a way to reduce stress in your life before you become pregnant.
Limit caffeine. Cut the caffeine intake of less than six cups of coffee a day.
Coping and support Of Female Infertility
Addressing female infertility can be stressful physically and emotionally. To cope with the vagaries of sterility testing and treatment, to consider the following options:
Be prepared. The uncertainty of infertility tests and treatments can be difficult and stressful. Ask your doctor to explain the actions he or she intends to take, so you can prepare for each. Understand the process and what is your next step will be to reduce your anxiety somewhat.
Seek support. Although infertility can be a very personal matter, approach your partner, family or friends for support. Many online support groups allow you to maintain your anonymity to discuss issues related to infertility. Do not hesitate to seek professional help if the emotional burden is too heavy for you or your partner.
Exercise and a healthy diet. Keep your moderate exercise routine and healthy diet can improve your Outlook and stay focused on living your life in spite of fertility problems.
Consider other options. Determine alternatives - adoption, donor sperm or eggs, or even have children - as early as possible in the process of fertility treatment. This can reduce anxiety during treatments and disappointment if conception does not occur.
Be prepared. The uncertainty of infertility tests and treatments can be difficult and stressful. Ask your doctor to explain the actions he or she intends to take, so you can prepare for each. Understand the process and what is your next step will be to reduce your anxiety somewhat.
Seek support. Although infertility can be a very personal matter, approach your partner, family or friends for support. Many online support groups allow you to maintain your anonymity to discuss issues related to infertility. Do not hesitate to seek professional help if the emotional burden is too heavy for you or your partner.
Exercise and a healthy diet. Keep your moderate exercise routine and healthy diet can improve your Outlook and stay focused on living your life in spite of fertility problems.
Consider other options. Determine alternatives - adoption, donor sperm or eggs, or even have children - as early as possible in the process of fertility treatment. This can reduce anxiety during treatments and disappointment if conception does not occur.
Treatment of Female infertility
How is infertility depends on the cause, your age, how long they have been sterile and personal preferences. While some women only need one or two treatments to restore fertility, it is possible that several types of treatment may be needed before they can conceive.
Treatments may be trying to restore fertility - with drugs or surgery - or assist in the playback with sophisticated techniques.
Restoration of fertility: the stimulation of ovulation with fertility drugs
Fertility drugs that regulate or induce ovulation, is the main treatment for women who are infertile due to ovulation disorders. Generally, they work as natural hormones - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) - to induce ovulation.
Using fertility drugs carries some risk:
Getting pregnant with twins or other multiples. Oral medications have a relatively low risk of multiple (less than 10 percent), but the odds rise to about 15-20 percent of injectable drugs. Usually, the more you are carrying fetuses, the greater the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and development problems later. Sometimes the amount or timing of medication should be changed to try to reduce the risk of multiples. Counseling sessions may be canceled if a doctor detects the development of too many follicles, which could lead to ovulation of more than one egg.
Development of the enlargement of the ovary. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a condition that may result from the use of fertility drugs. In response to the medication, your ovaries overstimulated. In addition to the development of ovarian enlargement, you may experience abdominal pain and bloating, gastrointestinal problems and shortness of breath. Signs and symptoms may develop while you are with the induction of ovulation or during the early stages of pregnancy.
There are fertility drugs in an abnormal number of LH and FSH production. These medications include:
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene). This drug is taken orally and stimulates ovulation in women with PCOS or other ovulatory disorders. It causes the pituitary gland to release more FSH and LH, which stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle containing an egg. Clomiphene citrate also improves fertility in women ovulate normally and is often used as a first for unexplained infertility.
Gonadotropins. Instead of stimulating the pituitary to release more hormones, these treatments directly stimulate the ovaries. Often, medications are used in combination with gonadotropin intrauterine insemination (IUI) - a procedure in which sperm is injected into the uterus through a thin tube (catheter) - to increase the chances of pregnancy. Gonadotropin medications include:
Human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG (Repronex, Menopur). This medicine is injected into women who do not ovulate on their own because of the lack of the pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation. HMG contains FSH and LH, and directly stimulates the ovaries to ovulate.
Follicle stimulating hormone or FSH (Gonal-F, Follistim, Bravelle). FSH acts by stimulating the ovaries to produce mature follicles.
Human chorionic gonadotropin or hCG (Ovidrel, Pregnyl). Used in combination with clomiphene, HMG or FSH, this drug stimulates the follicle to release an egg (ovulation).
Metformin (Glucophage). This oral drug is used when insulin resistance is known or suspected cause of infertility, usually in women diagnosed with PCOS. Metformin improves insulin resistance, normalizes insulin and make it more likely ovulation.
Letrozole (Femara). Letrozole belongs to a class of drugs called aromatase inhibitors. Letrozole is also used to treat some breast cancers, can induce ovulation. However, the effectiveness of the drug on early pregnancy are not yet known, so this drug is not used for ovulation induction as often as others.
Fertility Restoration Surgery
Various surgical procedures can correct problems or enhance female fertility. These include:
Tissue samples. This surgery removes the endometrial tissue or pelvic adhesions or with laser ablation, which can improve your chances of getting pregnant.
Reversal of sterilization (microscopic). After the woman had a tubal ligation for permanent contraception (tubal ligation), surgery can be done to reconnect and restore fertility. Your doctor will determine if you are a good candidate for surgery.
Tubal surgery. If the fallopian tubes are blocked or filled with fluid (called hydrosalpinx), tubal surgery may improve your chances of getting pregnant. Laparoscopic surgery is performed to remove clamps, tubes to expand or create a new opening of the tube. Tubal surgery is more effective when the blocked or narrowed part of the tube is closer to the ovaries to the uterus. Obstruction of the tube near the uterus can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. In these and other serious cases, the blockage or hydrosalpinx, removal of the tube (salpingectomy) can improve the prospects of pregnancy with in vitro fertilization.
Help on reproduction: in vitro fertilization
This powerful technique is the recovery of mature eggs from a woman, fertilized with sperm from a man in a dish in a laboratory and the embryos are transferred into the uterus of three to five days after fertilization. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is often recommended when the fallopian tubes are blocked. It is also widely used for a number of conditions such as endometriosis, unexplained infertility, cervical infertility, male infertility and ovulation disorders. IVF increases the chances of having twins or multiple if more than one embryo is transferred to the uterus. IVF requires frequent blood tests and daily hormone injections.
Treatments may be trying to restore fertility - with drugs or surgery - or assist in the playback with sophisticated techniques.
Restoration of fertility: the stimulation of ovulation with fertility drugs
Fertility drugs that regulate or induce ovulation, is the main treatment for women who are infertile due to ovulation disorders. Generally, they work as natural hormones - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) - to induce ovulation.
Using fertility drugs carries some risk:
Getting pregnant with twins or other multiples. Oral medications have a relatively low risk of multiple (less than 10 percent), but the odds rise to about 15-20 percent of injectable drugs. Usually, the more you are carrying fetuses, the greater the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and development problems later. Sometimes the amount or timing of medication should be changed to try to reduce the risk of multiples. Counseling sessions may be canceled if a doctor detects the development of too many follicles, which could lead to ovulation of more than one egg.
Development of the enlargement of the ovary. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a condition that may result from the use of fertility drugs. In response to the medication, your ovaries overstimulated. In addition to the development of ovarian enlargement, you may experience abdominal pain and bloating, gastrointestinal problems and shortness of breath. Signs and symptoms may develop while you are with the induction of ovulation or during the early stages of pregnancy.
There are fertility drugs in an abnormal number of LH and FSH production. These medications include:
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene). This drug is taken orally and stimulates ovulation in women with PCOS or other ovulatory disorders. It causes the pituitary gland to release more FSH and LH, which stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle containing an egg. Clomiphene citrate also improves fertility in women ovulate normally and is often used as a first for unexplained infertility.
Gonadotropins. Instead of stimulating the pituitary to release more hormones, these treatments directly stimulate the ovaries. Often, medications are used in combination with gonadotropin intrauterine insemination (IUI) - a procedure in which sperm is injected into the uterus through a thin tube (catheter) - to increase the chances of pregnancy. Gonadotropin medications include:
Human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG (Repronex, Menopur). This medicine is injected into women who do not ovulate on their own because of the lack of the pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation. HMG contains FSH and LH, and directly stimulates the ovaries to ovulate.
Follicle stimulating hormone or FSH (Gonal-F, Follistim, Bravelle). FSH acts by stimulating the ovaries to produce mature follicles.
Human chorionic gonadotropin or hCG (Ovidrel, Pregnyl). Used in combination with clomiphene, HMG or FSH, this drug stimulates the follicle to release an egg (ovulation).
Metformin (Glucophage). This oral drug is used when insulin resistance is known or suspected cause of infertility, usually in women diagnosed with PCOS. Metformin improves insulin resistance, normalizes insulin and make it more likely ovulation.
Letrozole (Femara). Letrozole belongs to a class of drugs called aromatase inhibitors. Letrozole is also used to treat some breast cancers, can induce ovulation. However, the effectiveness of the drug on early pregnancy are not yet known, so this drug is not used for ovulation induction as often as others.
Fertility Restoration Surgery
Various surgical procedures can correct problems or enhance female fertility. These include:
Tissue samples. This surgery removes the endometrial tissue or pelvic adhesions or with laser ablation, which can improve your chances of getting pregnant.
Reversal of sterilization (microscopic). After the woman had a tubal ligation for permanent contraception (tubal ligation), surgery can be done to reconnect and restore fertility. Your doctor will determine if you are a good candidate for surgery.
Tubal surgery. If the fallopian tubes are blocked or filled with fluid (called hydrosalpinx), tubal surgery may improve your chances of getting pregnant. Laparoscopic surgery is performed to remove clamps, tubes to expand or create a new opening of the tube. Tubal surgery is more effective when the blocked or narrowed part of the tube is closer to the ovaries to the uterus. Obstruction of the tube near the uterus can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. In these and other serious cases, the blockage or hydrosalpinx, removal of the tube (salpingectomy) can improve the prospects of pregnancy with in vitro fertilization.
Help on reproduction: in vitro fertilization
This powerful technique is the recovery of mature eggs from a woman, fertilized with sperm from a man in a dish in a laboratory and the embryos are transferred into the uterus of three to five days after fertilization. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is often recommended when the fallopian tubes are blocked. It is also widely used for a number of conditions such as endometriosis, unexplained infertility, cervical infertility, male infertility and ovulation disorders. IVF increases the chances of having twins or multiple if more than one embryo is transferred to the uterus. IVF requires frequent blood tests and daily hormone injections.
Test a and diagnosis of Female infertility
If you have been unable to conceive within a reasonable period of time, seek help from your doctor for evaluation and treatment of infertility.
Fertility tests may include:
Ovulation Test. A blood test for progesterone, a hormone produced after ovulation, can demonstrate that you are ovulating. You can also check at home. A kit of over-the-counter ovulation prediction - a test that you can do at home - detects the rise of luteinizing hormone (LH) which occurs before ovulation.
Hysterosalpingography. This test evaluates the size and shape of your uterus and see if the fallopian tubes are open. The fluid is injected into the uterus and an X-ray is taken to determine if the uterine cavity is normal and the fluid passes from the uterus and fallopian tubes in your file. If abnormalities are found, you may need further evaluation. In some women, the test itself can improve fertility, and possibly discover the opening of the fallopian tubes.
Laparoscopy. Usually done on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia, laparoscopy allows the physician to view the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus to check for endometriosis, scarring, blockages or irregularities. First, the doctor makes a small incision (8 to 10 mm) below the navel and inserts a needle into the abdominal cavity. A small amount of gas (carbon dioxide usually) is inserted into the abdomen to create space for the entry of the laparoscope - a lighted optical, fiber telescope. If you give your consent before surgery, your doctor can remove endometrial adhesions, treatment of scars or other problems with the use of sharp instruments, laser ablation during the procedure.
Ovarian reserve test. Women at risk of a reduced supply of eggs - including women over 35, those with autoimmune diseases and snuff - maybe this series of blood tests and imaging, performed on certain days of the menstrual cycle. These include blood tests for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration of three days of their cycle, the clomiphene citrate challenge test (CCCT), which received five doses of clomiphene citrate ovarian stimulation drugs preceded and followed by a blood test to assess their level of ovarian estrogen ultrasound to determine the volume of the ovaries or the number of follicles, and blood tests to detect other markers of ovarian reserve.
Hormone tests. Proof of specific hormones such as FSH and prolactin, a doctor can determine if undiagnosed can interfere with fertility.
Fertility tests may include:
Ovulation Test. A blood test for progesterone, a hormone produced after ovulation, can demonstrate that you are ovulating. You can also check at home. A kit of over-the-counter ovulation prediction - a test that you can do at home - detects the rise of luteinizing hormone (LH) which occurs before ovulation.
Hysterosalpingography. This test evaluates the size and shape of your uterus and see if the fallopian tubes are open. The fluid is injected into the uterus and an X-ray is taken to determine if the uterine cavity is normal and the fluid passes from the uterus and fallopian tubes in your file. If abnormalities are found, you may need further evaluation. In some women, the test itself can improve fertility, and possibly discover the opening of the fallopian tubes.
Laparoscopy. Usually done on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia, laparoscopy allows the physician to view the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus to check for endometriosis, scarring, blockages or irregularities. First, the doctor makes a small incision (8 to 10 mm) below the navel and inserts a needle into the abdominal cavity. A small amount of gas (carbon dioxide usually) is inserted into the abdomen to create space for the entry of the laparoscope - a lighted optical, fiber telescope. If you give your consent before surgery, your doctor can remove endometrial adhesions, treatment of scars or other problems with the use of sharp instruments, laser ablation during the procedure.
Ovarian reserve test. Women at risk of a reduced supply of eggs - including women over 35, those with autoimmune diseases and snuff - maybe this series of blood tests and imaging, performed on certain days of the menstrual cycle. These include blood tests for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration of three days of their cycle, the clomiphene citrate challenge test (CCCT), which received five doses of clomiphene citrate ovarian stimulation drugs preceded and followed by a blood test to assess their level of ovarian estrogen ultrasound to determine the volume of the ovaries or the number of follicles, and blood tests to detect other markers of ovarian reserve.
Hormone tests. Proof of specific hormones such as FSH and prolactin, a doctor can determine if undiagnosed can interfere with fertility.
Risk factors in Female infertility
Some things you can put at increased risk of infertility. They include:
Age. After 32 years, the amount and quality of eggs from a woman begins to decline. In his 30 years of age, the rate of loss of follicles accelerates, resulting in fewer eggs of lower quality, which makes the design more difficult. Women over 35 are also at higher risk of babies with chromosomal abnormalities and miscarriage.
Smoking. Further damage to the cervix and fallopian tubes, smoking increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. It is also believed that at the age of her ovaries and deplete its egg prematurely, which reduces their ability to become pregnant. Many fertility specialists recommend setting a date to quit smoking before beginning fertility treatment.
Weight. If you are overweight or enough, can inhibit normal ovulation. Go to a body mass index (BMI) has been shown to increase the frequency of ovulation and the likelihood of pregnancy.
Sexual history. STDs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause damage to the fallopian tube. Taken after unprotected sex with multiple partners increases the chances of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD), which can cause fertility problems later.
Alcohol. Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of ovulation disorders and endometriosis.
Caffeine. Consume more than the equivalent of six cups of coffee per day (900 milligrams) can reduce your fertility.
Age. After 32 years, the amount and quality of eggs from a woman begins to decline. In his 30 years of age, the rate of loss of follicles accelerates, resulting in fewer eggs of lower quality, which makes the design more difficult. Women over 35 are also at higher risk of babies with chromosomal abnormalities and miscarriage.
Smoking. Further damage to the cervix and fallopian tubes, smoking increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. It is also believed that at the age of her ovaries and deplete its egg prematurely, which reduces their ability to become pregnant. Many fertility specialists recommend setting a date to quit smoking before beginning fertility treatment.
Weight. If you are overweight or enough, can inhibit normal ovulation. Go to a body mass index (BMI) has been shown to increase the frequency of ovulation and the likelihood of pregnancy.
Sexual history. STDs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause damage to the fallopian tube. Taken after unprotected sex with multiple partners increases the chances of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD), which can cause fertility problems later.
Alcohol. Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of ovulation disorders and endometriosis.
Caffeine. Consume more than the equivalent of six cups of coffee per day (900 milligrams) can reduce your fertility.
Causes of Female infertility
In order to get pregnant, each of these factors is essential:
You have to ovulate. Achieve pregnancy requires that you have an irregular menstrual cycle, where an egg is released, a process called ovulation. Your doctor can help you assess your menstrual cycle to confirm ovulation.
Have your partner cum. For most couples, it is not a problem unless your partner has a history of illness or surgery. Your doctor may do some simple tests to assess the health of the sperm of your partner.
You need to have periodic reports. You need to have regular sex during the fertile period. Your doctor can help you understand when they are most fertile in her cycle.
Pregnancy, every part of the complex process of human reproduction - ovarian released a mature egg from implantation of the fertilized ovum fertilization and growth in the womb - has done right. In women, a number of factors can interfere with this process at any time. Female infertility is due to one or more of these factors.
Disorders of ovulation
Ovulation problems account for infertility in 25 percent of infertile couples. These can be caused by defects in the regulation of reproductive hormones in the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, or ovary problems in itself. You have an ovulation disorder, if you are ovulating regularly or not at all.
Abnormal FSH and LH secretion. The two hormones responsible for stimulating ovulation each month - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) - are produced by the pituitary gland in a specific pattern during the menstrual cycle. Excessive physical or emotional stress, weighing very high or very low or a recent weight gain or a significant loss - for example, 10 percent of your body weight - can disrupt this pattern and affect ovulation . The main symptom of this problem is irregular or absent periods. Much less frequently, specific diseases of the pituitary gland, usually associated with deficiencies of other hormones or excess production of prolactin, be the cause.
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In PCOS appears to complex changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries, which causes an overproduction of male hormones (androgens), which affects ovulation. PCOS can also be associated with insulin resistance and obesity.
Luteal phase defect. Luteal phase error happens when your ovary does not produce enough of the hormone progesterone after ovulation. Progesterone is essential to prepare the uterus for a fertilized egg.
Premature ovarian failure. This disorder is usually caused by an autoimmune reaction where the body mistakenly attacks the ovarian tissue. This results in a loss of eggs in the ovaries, and in the production of estrogen decreases.
Damage to the fallopian tubes (tubal infertility)
Once the fallopian tubes are damaged or blocked, keeping the sperm to travel to the egg or close the passage of the fertilized egg in the uterus. Causes damage or blockage of the fallopian tubes may include:
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) due to chlamydia or gonorrhea
Previous ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized egg implants and begins to develop in the fallopian tube instead of uterus
Previous surgery in the abdomen or pelvis
Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows normally implants and grows outside. This tissue growth in the most - and the surgical removal of it - can cause scarring, which reduces fertility. Scientists believe that the excess tissue can also produce substances that affect the project.
Cervical stenosis or obstruction
Also known as cervical stenosis, this may be due to genetic deformities or damage to the cervix. The result is that the cervix is unable to produce the best type of mucus, sperm motility and fertilization. In addition, the opening of the cervix may be closed, preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
Uterine causes
Benign polyps or tumors (benign tumors or myomas) in the uterus, regular women in their 30s, can impair fertility by blocking the fallopian tubes, or by interfering with implantation. However, many women suffer from fibroids can become pregnant. Scarring inside the uterus may also interfere with the plant, and some women are born with abnormalities such as abnormally shaped uterus (bicornuate) uterus, or may have trouble becoming pregnant.
Unexplained infertility
In some cases, a cause of infertility never found. It is possible that combinations of minor factors in both parts of the underlying unexplained fertility problems. The good news is that couples with unexplained infertility have a higher incidence of spontaneous pregnancies of all infertile couples.
You have to ovulate. Achieve pregnancy requires that you have an irregular menstrual cycle, where an egg is released, a process called ovulation. Your doctor can help you assess your menstrual cycle to confirm ovulation.
Have your partner cum. For most couples, it is not a problem unless your partner has a history of illness or surgery. Your doctor may do some simple tests to assess the health of the sperm of your partner.
You need to have periodic reports. You need to have regular sex during the fertile period. Your doctor can help you understand when they are most fertile in her cycle.
Pregnancy, every part of the complex process of human reproduction - ovarian released a mature egg from implantation of the fertilized ovum fertilization and growth in the womb - has done right. In women, a number of factors can interfere with this process at any time. Female infertility is due to one or more of these factors.
Disorders of ovulation
Ovulation problems account for infertility in 25 percent of infertile couples. These can be caused by defects in the regulation of reproductive hormones in the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, or ovary problems in itself. You have an ovulation disorder, if you are ovulating regularly or not at all.
Abnormal FSH and LH secretion. The two hormones responsible for stimulating ovulation each month - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) - are produced by the pituitary gland in a specific pattern during the menstrual cycle. Excessive physical or emotional stress, weighing very high or very low or a recent weight gain or a significant loss - for example, 10 percent of your body weight - can disrupt this pattern and affect ovulation . The main symptom of this problem is irregular or absent periods. Much less frequently, specific diseases of the pituitary gland, usually associated with deficiencies of other hormones or excess production of prolactin, be the cause.
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In PCOS appears to complex changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries, which causes an overproduction of male hormones (androgens), which affects ovulation. PCOS can also be associated with insulin resistance and obesity.
Luteal phase defect. Luteal phase error happens when your ovary does not produce enough of the hormone progesterone after ovulation. Progesterone is essential to prepare the uterus for a fertilized egg.
Premature ovarian failure. This disorder is usually caused by an autoimmune reaction where the body mistakenly attacks the ovarian tissue. This results in a loss of eggs in the ovaries, and in the production of estrogen decreases.
Damage to the fallopian tubes (tubal infertility)
Once the fallopian tubes are damaged or blocked, keeping the sperm to travel to the egg or close the passage of the fertilized egg in the uterus. Causes damage or blockage of the fallopian tubes may include:
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) due to chlamydia or gonorrhea
Previous ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized egg implants and begins to develop in the fallopian tube instead of uterus
Previous surgery in the abdomen or pelvis
Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows normally implants and grows outside. This tissue growth in the most - and the surgical removal of it - can cause scarring, which reduces fertility. Scientists believe that the excess tissue can also produce substances that affect the project.
Cervical stenosis or obstruction
Also known as cervical stenosis, this may be due to genetic deformities or damage to the cervix. The result is that the cervix is unable to produce the best type of mucus, sperm motility and fertilization. In addition, the opening of the cervix may be closed, preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
Uterine causes
Benign polyps or tumors (benign tumors or myomas) in the uterus, regular women in their 30s, can impair fertility by blocking the fallopian tubes, or by interfering with implantation. However, many women suffer from fibroids can become pregnant. Scarring inside the uterus may also interfere with the plant, and some women are born with abnormalities such as abnormally shaped uterus (bicornuate) uterus, or may have trouble becoming pregnant.
Unexplained infertility
In some cases, a cause of infertility never found. It is possible that combinations of minor factors in both parts of the underlying unexplained fertility problems. The good news is that couples with unexplained infertility have a higher incidence of spontaneous pregnancies of all infertile couples.
Symptoms OF Female infertility
The main symptom of infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive. Abnormal menstrual cycle, which is too long (35 days or more) or too short (less than 21 days) may be a sign of infertility in women. He will have no other outward signs or symptoms.
When to see a doctor
If you are 30 years or younger, most doctors recommend that pregnant for at least a year before any testing or treatment.
If you are between 35 and 40, discuss your concerns with your doctor after six months of testing.
If you are over 40 or have a history of irregular or painful periods, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), recurrent miscarriage, pre-treatment of cancer or endometriosis, your doctor may want to start testing or treatment immediately .
When to see a doctor
If you are 30 years or younger, most doctors recommend that pregnant for at least a year before any testing or treatment.
If you are between 35 and 40, discuss your concerns with your doctor after six months of testing.
If you are over 40 or have a history of irregular or painful periods, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), recurrent miscarriage, pre-treatment of cancer or endometriosis, your doctor may want to start testing or treatment immediately .
Female infertility Overview
 |
| Female infertility |
In general, infertility is due to factors of female infertility about a third of the time, and factors of male infertility about a third of the time. In the other, the reason is unknown factors or a combination of male and female.
The cause of female infertility can be difficult to diagnose, but many treatments are available. Treatment is not always necessary: half of infertile couples go to conceive spontaneously within 24 months.
Prevention Of Male infertility
Many types of male infertility are not preventable. However, you can avoid some of the known causes of male infertility:
No smoking.
Avoid excessive drinking.
Steer clear of illegal drugs.
Maintain weight.
Do vasectomies.
Avoid heat.
Reduce stress.
No smoking.
Avoid excessive drinking.
Steer clear of illegal drugs.
Maintain weight.
Do vasectomies.
Avoid heat.
Reduce stress.
Coping And Support Of Male infertility
Treating infertility can be difficult. It is a known problem - can not predict how long it takes or what the outcome will be. Infertility is not necessarily solved with hard work. The emotional charge of a couple is considerable, and plans to deal with can help.
Planning emotional
Set limits. Decide in advance how many and what procedures are emotionally and financially acceptable for you and your partner and determine the final frontier. Fertility treatment can be expensive and often not covered by insurance. A successful pregnancy often depends on repeated attempts. Some couples become so focused on the treatment that they continue with fertility procedures until they are emotionally and financially drained.
To consider other options. Determine alternatives - adoption, donor sperm or egg, or even have children - as early as possible in the process of fertility. This can reduce anxiety during treatments and feelings of hopelessness if conception does not occur.
Talk about your feelings. Find support groups or counseling to help before and after treatment to help support the process and facilitate the treatment of pain should fail.
Managing emotional stress during treatment
Practice stress reduction techniques. Examples include yoga, meditation and massage therapy.
Consider the idea of counseling. Councils, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, which uses methods that include relaxation training and stress management, has been associated with higher pregnancy rates.
Expression. Reaching out to others instead of holding feelings such as guilt or anger.
Stay in touch with loved ones. Talk with your partner, your family and friends can be very beneficial. The best support often comes from relatives and loved ones.
Planning emotional
Set limits. Decide in advance how many and what procedures are emotionally and financially acceptable for you and your partner and determine the final frontier. Fertility treatment can be expensive and often not covered by insurance. A successful pregnancy often depends on repeated attempts. Some couples become so focused on the treatment that they continue with fertility procedures until they are emotionally and financially drained.
To consider other options. Determine alternatives - adoption, donor sperm or egg, or even have children - as early as possible in the process of fertility. This can reduce anxiety during treatments and feelings of hopelessness if conception does not occur.
Talk about your feelings. Find support groups or counseling to help before and after treatment to help support the process and facilitate the treatment of pain should fail.
Managing emotional stress during treatment
Practice stress reduction techniques. Examples include yoga, meditation and massage therapy.
Consider the idea of counseling. Councils, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, which uses methods that include relaxation training and stress management, has been associated with higher pregnancy rates.
Expression. Reaching out to others instead of holding feelings such as guilt or anger.
Stay in touch with loved ones. Talk with your partner, your family and friends can be very beneficial. The best support often comes from relatives and loved ones.
Medicine Of Male infertility
Is still limited evidence on whether - and how - herbs or supplements may help increase male fertility. Some, such as zinc, can help if you have a disability.
Supplements that shows some promise for improving the quality of sperm or semen quality include:
Vitamin C
Zinc
Selenium
Vitamin E
Vitamin B-12
Asian ginseng
Other supplements - including the L-arginine and L-Carnitine - may help improve sperm quality, but more research is needed.
Talk to your doctor before taking any herbal remedies or supplements, as some can cause damage when large doses (megadoses), and some can cause problems when taking certain medications.
Supplements that shows some promise for improving the quality of sperm or semen quality include:
Vitamin C
Zinc
Selenium
Vitamin E
Vitamin B-12
Asian ginseng
Other supplements - including the L-arginine and L-Carnitine - may help improve sperm quality, but more research is needed.
Talk to your doctor before taking any herbal remedies or supplements, as some can cause damage when large doses (megadoses), and some can cause problems when taking certain medications.
Lifestyle In Male infertility
Here are some steps you can take at home to increase your chances of getting pregnant:
Increase the frequency of sex. Having sex every day can increase your chances of getting your partner pregnant. However, ejaculation more frequently than every 48 hours can reduce sperm count.
Sex, when fertilization is possible. A woman may get pregnant during ovulation - which occurs in half of the menstrual cycle, between periods. Experts usually recommend having intercourse every other day near the time of ovulation. This ensures that the sperm can live for several days, is present when the planning is possible.
Avoid the use of lubricants. Some products such as KY Jelly or Astroglide, lotions, and saliva has been shown to reduce the movement of sperm. Ask your doctor about sperm safe lubricant.
Increase the frequency of sex. Having sex every day can increase your chances of getting your partner pregnant. However, ejaculation more frequently than every 48 hours can reduce sperm count.
Sex, when fertilization is possible. A woman may get pregnant during ovulation - which occurs in half of the menstrual cycle, between periods. Experts usually recommend having intercourse every other day near the time of ovulation. This ensures that the sperm can live for several days, is present when the planning is possible.
Avoid the use of lubricants. Some products such as KY Jelly or Astroglide, lotions, and saliva has been shown to reduce the movement of sperm. Ask your doctor about sperm safe lubricant.
Treatment Of Male infertility
Treatment of male infertility depends on the cause, how long you have been infertile, your age and your personal preferences. In all cases of infertility, also the female partner should be checked and may require treatment. In some cases, the treatment of female partner to compensate for the problems of male fertility. Your doctor may try to improve your fertility either by correcting an underlying problem (if any) or try treatments that seem like they may be useful. Often the exact cause of infertility can not be identified. Although the exact cause is unclear, your doctor may be able to recommend treatments that work.
Treatments for male infertility are:
Surgery. For example, a varicocele can be corrected surgically or obstruction of the vas deferens can be repaired.
Infections. If the blood test shows a large number of white blood cells, you can have inflammation of the reproductive tract. Antibiotic treatment can improve the infection, but not always restore fertility.
Treatments for sexual problems. Treatment of conditions such as erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation can improve fertility. Approaches may include medicines or counseling.
Hormonal treatments and medications. In cases where infertility is caused by high or low levels of certain hormones or problems with the way the body uses hormones, your doctor may recommend hormone therapy or medications that alter hormone levels.
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The blocking of the vas deferens, retrograde ejaculation or other problems with the delivery of sperm can take sperm from the testicle or recovered from the bladder and injected into an egg. The art is most common in vitro fertilization (IVF). This procedure involves surgically removing an egg from the ovary of a woman, by combining it with sperm in a laboratory, then placing the fertilized egg in the uterus.
When treatment does not work
Sometimes a man's fertility problems can not be treated, and it is impossible for man to father. If this happens, your doctor may suggest that you and your partner is to consider using donor sperm or adopt a child.
Treatments for male infertility are:
Surgery. For example, a varicocele can be corrected surgically or obstruction of the vas deferens can be repaired.
Infections. If the blood test shows a large number of white blood cells, you can have inflammation of the reproductive tract. Antibiotic treatment can improve the infection, but not always restore fertility.
Treatments for sexual problems. Treatment of conditions such as erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation can improve fertility. Approaches may include medicines or counseling.
Hormonal treatments and medications. In cases where infertility is caused by high or low levels of certain hormones or problems with the way the body uses hormones, your doctor may recommend hormone therapy or medications that alter hormone levels.
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The blocking of the vas deferens, retrograde ejaculation or other problems with the delivery of sperm can take sperm from the testicle or recovered from the bladder and injected into an egg. The art is most common in vitro fertilization (IVF). This procedure involves surgically removing an egg from the ovary of a woman, by combining it with sperm in a laboratory, then placing the fertilized egg in the uterus.
When treatment does not work
Sometimes a man's fertility problems can not be treated, and it is impossible for man to father. If this happens, your doctor may suggest that you and your partner is to consider using donor sperm or adopt a child.
Tests and diagnosis Of Male infertility
Many infertile couples have more than one cause of infertility, it is likely that both need to consult a doctor. You can take a series of tests to determine the cause of infertility. In some cases, the cause is never identified. Tests can be costly and may not be covered by insurance - know your health plan covers advance.
The diagnosis of male infertility usually involves:
General medical examination and medical history. This includes the examination of the genitals and questions about the treatment of hereditary diseases, chronic health problems, diseases, injuries or cuts that may affect fertility. The doctor may also ask questions about sexual habits and sexual development in adolescence.
The semen analysis. The semen is usually obtained through masturbation and ejaculation into a special container for the doctor's office. Your sperm is sent to a lab to measure the number of sperm present and detect abnormalities in the shape (morphology) and movement (motility) of sperm. The lab will also check his sperm for signs of problems such as infections. Sperm often fluctuate from one sample to another. In most cases, several tests are performed a semen analysis over a period of time to ensure accurate results. If your semen analysis is normal, your doctor will probably recommend thoroughly testing his female partner before the proof of male infertility.
Preliminary results, your doctor may recommend other more specialized tests that can help identify the cause of your infertility. These may include:
Scrotal ultrasound. This test uses high frequency waves of sound to produce images inside of your body. Scrotal ultrasound can help your doctor to look for evidence of varicocele or obstruction of the testicle that contains sperm (epididymis). A small wand is moved toward the surface of your scrotum produces images with a video screen.
Transrectal ultrasonography. This test is similar to that ultrasound examination the scrotum. You can do this type of ultrasound, a small, greased pole is inserted into the rectum. It allows the doctor to check your prostate, and verify the presence of blocks in tubes that carry sperm (ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles).
Hormone tests. A hormone produced in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and testes have a key role in sexual development and sperm production. Your doctor may recommend a blood test to measure testosterone and other male hormones that can affect the sperm count.
Post-ejaculatory urine. This test involves collecting a urine sample after orgasm. The urine is checked for the presence of semen. Sperm in the urine may indicate that your sperm travels backwards into the bladder rather than out of your penis during ejaculation (retrograde ejaculation).
Genetic testing. These tests are used if the doctor suspects that your sperm count and reduced fertility of the other problems can be caused by an abnormality of the sex chromosomes inherited. When sperm concentration is very low, the genetic causes could be involved. A blood test can reveal whether there are subtle changes on the Y chromosome - evidence of a genetic abnormality. Genetic testing can also be ordered to diagnose Klinefelter syndrome or cystic fibrosis.
Testicular biopsy. This test involves removing samples of the testicle with a needle. It can be used if the semen analysis shows no sperm at all. Testicular biopsy results will tell whether sperm production is normal. If it is, the problem is probably caused by a blockage or other problem with the transport of sperm.
Evidence of anti-sperm antibodies. These tests are used to test immune cells (antibodies) that attack sperm. That are particularly likely to have antibodies to sperm if you have had a vasectomy reversal.
Vasography. In some cases, the dye is injected into each of the tubes that carry sperm (vas deferens) to check the block.
Specialized tests of sperm function. A variety of tests can be used to check how your sperm survive after ejaculation, how they can penetrate an egg, and if there are problems with the egg. If you have a low sperm count can have healthy sperm to be an important factor in male fertility.
The diagnosis of male infertility usually involves:
General medical examination and medical history. This includes the examination of the genitals and questions about the treatment of hereditary diseases, chronic health problems, diseases, injuries or cuts that may affect fertility. The doctor may also ask questions about sexual habits and sexual development in adolescence.
The semen analysis. The semen is usually obtained through masturbation and ejaculation into a special container for the doctor's office. Your sperm is sent to a lab to measure the number of sperm present and detect abnormalities in the shape (morphology) and movement (motility) of sperm. The lab will also check his sperm for signs of problems such as infections. Sperm often fluctuate from one sample to another. In most cases, several tests are performed a semen analysis over a period of time to ensure accurate results. If your semen analysis is normal, your doctor will probably recommend thoroughly testing his female partner before the proof of male infertility.
Preliminary results, your doctor may recommend other more specialized tests that can help identify the cause of your infertility. These may include:
Scrotal ultrasound. This test uses high frequency waves of sound to produce images inside of your body. Scrotal ultrasound can help your doctor to look for evidence of varicocele or obstruction of the testicle that contains sperm (epididymis). A small wand is moved toward the surface of your scrotum produces images with a video screen.
Transrectal ultrasonography. This test is similar to that ultrasound examination the scrotum. You can do this type of ultrasound, a small, greased pole is inserted into the rectum. It allows the doctor to check your prostate, and verify the presence of blocks in tubes that carry sperm (ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles).
Hormone tests. A hormone produced in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and testes have a key role in sexual development and sperm production. Your doctor may recommend a blood test to measure testosterone and other male hormones that can affect the sperm count.
Post-ejaculatory urine. This test involves collecting a urine sample after orgasm. The urine is checked for the presence of semen. Sperm in the urine may indicate that your sperm travels backwards into the bladder rather than out of your penis during ejaculation (retrograde ejaculation).
Genetic testing. These tests are used if the doctor suspects that your sperm count and reduced fertility of the other problems can be caused by an abnormality of the sex chromosomes inherited. When sperm concentration is very low, the genetic causes could be involved. A blood test can reveal whether there are subtle changes on the Y chromosome - evidence of a genetic abnormality. Genetic testing can also be ordered to diagnose Klinefelter syndrome or cystic fibrosis.
Testicular biopsy. This test involves removing samples of the testicle with a needle. It can be used if the semen analysis shows no sperm at all. Testicular biopsy results will tell whether sperm production is normal. If it is, the problem is probably caused by a blockage or other problem with the transport of sperm.
Evidence of anti-sperm antibodies. These tests are used to test immune cells (antibodies) that attack sperm. That are particularly likely to have antibodies to sperm if you have had a vasectomy reversal.
Vasography. In some cases, the dye is injected into each of the tubes that carry sperm (vas deferens) to check the block.
Specialized tests of sperm function. A variety of tests can be used to check how your sperm survive after ejaculation, how they can penetrate an egg, and if there are problems with the egg. If you have a low sperm count can have healthy sperm to be an important factor in male fertility.
Complications In Male Infertility
Infertility can be stressful for you and your partner. Complications may include:
Surgery or other treatments for an underlying cause of low sperm count or other reproductive
Expensive and techniques involved in reproduction as in vitro fertilization
Stress related to the inability to have children
Surgery or other treatments for an underlying cause of low sperm count or other reproductive
Expensive and techniques involved in reproduction as in vitro fertilization
Stress related to the inability to have children
Risk Factors In Male infertility
A number of risk factors associated with male infertility. They include:
Of 35 years or more
Tube
Alcohol abuse
Using certain drugs
Excess weight
Underweight
Have a past or present infection
Exposure to toxins
Overheating of the testicles
Having a previous vasectomy or reverse vasectomies
Being born with a disorder of fertility or have a blood relative with a disorder of fertility
Having certain medical conditions, including tumors and chronic diseases
Undergoing medical treatments such as medications, surgery or radiation for cancer
Motorcycles for long periods, especially in hard seat bicycle or poorly regulated
Of 35 years or more
Tube
Alcohol abuse
Using certain drugs
Excess weight
Underweight
Have a past or present infection
Exposure to toxins
Overheating of the testicles
Having a previous vasectomy or reverse vasectomies
Being born with a disorder of fertility or have a blood relative with a disorder of fertility
Having certain medical conditions, including tumors and chronic diseases
Undergoing medical treatments such as medications, surgery or radiation for cancer
Motorcycles for long periods, especially in hard seat bicycle or poorly regulated
Causes Of Male infertility
Male fertility is a complex process. Partners to get pregnant, you should be able to produce healthy sperm can not reach, penetrate and fertilize the egg partners. For this to happen:
It must produce healthy sperm. Initially, this involves the growth and formation of the male reproductive organs during puberty. At least one of his testicles to function properly and that your body needs to produce testosterone and other hormones to initiate and sustain sperm production.
The semen must be carried in semen. When sperm are produced in the testes, tubes to transport delicate until they are mixed with sperm and broke out of the penis.
There must be enough sperm in the semen. If the number of sperm in your semen (sperm) is low, it decreases the chances that one of your sperm fertilize the egg of your partner. A low sperm count below 20 million sperm per milliliter of semen.
Sperm must be properly trained and able to move. If the movement (motility) or shape (morphology) of sperm are not normal, the sperm can not reach or penetrate the egg with her partner.
Medical causes
Problems with male fertility may be caused by a number of health problems and treatment. Some of these include:
Varicocele. A varicocele is an inflammation of the veins that drain the testicle. This may prevent normal cooling of the testicle, which reduces the sperm count and fewer motile sperm.
Infection. Some infections can interfere with sperm production or sperm health, and can cause scarring that blocks the passage of sperm. These include certain sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including chlamydia and gonorrhea, prostate inflammation (prostatitis), swollen testicles due to mumps (mumps orchitis), tract and other infections of the urinary and reproductive organs.
Retrograde ejaculation. This occurs when semen enters the bladder during orgasm instead of out the penis. Several health problems can cause retrograde ejaculation including diabetes, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and surgery of the bladder, prostate or urethra. Retrograde ejaculation can be caused by certain medications - particularly medicines for the prostate, such as terazosin (Hytrin), tamsulosin (Flomax) and olealfuzosin (Uroxatral).
The lack of ejaculation. Some men with spinal cord injuries or diseases that can not ejaculate sperm, although they continue to produce sperm.
Antibodies that attack sperm. The anti-sperm immune system cells that are mistakenly identified in sperm as harmful invaders and tries to remove them. This is particularly common among men who have had vasectomies.
Tumors. Cancers and malignant tumors can affect the genitals of man directly, or may have glands that release hormones associated with reproduction (such as the pituitary gland). In some cases, surgical treatment of tumors can affect male fertility.
Undescended testes. In some men during fetal development of one or both testicles do not descend from the abdomen into the sac that usually contains the testicles (scrotum).
Hormonal imbalances. Infertility can be caused by disorders of the testicles themselves, or abnormalities of the brain affects the glands that produce testosterone and other hormones that control the testicles (the hypothalamus or pituitary gland). Low testosterone (male hypogonadism), and other hormonal problems are several possible reasons for this.
Defects in sperm duct. Tubes that carry sperm (sperm ducts) can cause damage to the illness or injury. Some men are born in the jam of the testicle that contains sperm (epididymis), or blockage of one or both tubes that carry sperm from the testicle. Men who have cystic fibrosis and other inherited diseases can occur without a sperm ducts completely.
Chromosome abnormalities. The inherited disorders such as Klinefelter's syndrome - in which a man born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome instead of one X chromosome and one Y - cause abnormal development of male reproductive organs.
Problems with sex. It can be difficult to maintain or sustain an erection sufficient for sex (erectile dysfunction), premature ejaculation, painful intercourse, or psychological or relationship that interfere with sex.
Celiac disease. A digestive disorder caused by gluten sensitivity, celiac disease can cause male infertility. May improve fertility after adopting a gluten-free diet.
Certain medications. Replacement therapy testosterone, long-term use of anabolic steroids, cancer drugs (chemotherapy), certain antibiotics, certain drugs for ulcers and certain other drugs interfere with sperm production and reduced male fertility.
Environmental causes
Excessive to specific environmental aspects, such as heat, toxins and chemicals can reduce sperm production or sperm function. Specific causes include:
Pesticides. Some men are exposed to pesticides such as ethylene dibromide and organophosphates have lowered sperm. Pesticide exposure has also been associated with testicular cancer. Most studies are performed on men who work in agriculture or live in rural areas.
Heavy metal exposure. Exposure to lead or other heavy metals can also cause infertility.
Exposure to radiation or X-rays. The radiation exposure can reduce sperm production. It may take several years for the production of sperm to return to normal. With high doses of radiation can be sperm production will be reduced permanently.
Overheating of the testicles. Frequent use of saunas and hot baths may temporarily reduce your sperm count. Sitting for long periods or wearing tight clothing can also increase the temperature in your portfolio and reduce sperm production.
In the long term cycling. In the long term cycling is another possible cause of reduced fertility in overheating of the testicles. In some cases, the pressure on the rear seat of the testicles (perineum) can cause penile numbness and erectile dysfunction.
Reasons of health, lifestyle and other
Some other causes of male infertility are:
Use of illicit drugs. Anabolic steroids taken to promote the growth and muscle strength can cause the testicles to shrink and decrease sperm production. Cocaine or marijuana may temporarily reduce the number and quality of sperm as well.
Alcohol abuse. Heavy drinking can lower testosterone levels that cause erectile dysfunction and reduced sperm production. Liver disease caused by excessive consumption can also cause fertility problems.
Smoke. Men who smoke may have a lower sperm count than children who do not smoke. Cigarette smoking can also affect male fertility.
Emotional stress. Stress can interfere with certain hormones necessary for sperm production. Your sperm count may be affected if you experience severe or prolonged emotional stress. A problem with fertility itself can sometimes be long term and discouraging, producing stress.
Deficiency of vitamin A. Deficiencies of nutrients such as vitamin C, selenium, zinc and folic acid may help male infertility.
Weight. Obesity can cause hormonal changes that reduce male fertility. Men who are underweight may have reduced fertility.
Age. Men aged over 35 is starting to have a gradual decline in fertility.
It must produce healthy sperm. Initially, this involves the growth and formation of the male reproductive organs during puberty. At least one of his testicles to function properly and that your body needs to produce testosterone and other hormones to initiate and sustain sperm production.
The semen must be carried in semen. When sperm are produced in the testes, tubes to transport delicate until they are mixed with sperm and broke out of the penis.
There must be enough sperm in the semen. If the number of sperm in your semen (sperm) is low, it decreases the chances that one of your sperm fertilize the egg of your partner. A low sperm count below 20 million sperm per milliliter of semen.
Sperm must be properly trained and able to move. If the movement (motility) or shape (morphology) of sperm are not normal, the sperm can not reach or penetrate the egg with her partner.
Medical causes
Problems with male fertility may be caused by a number of health problems and treatment. Some of these include:
Varicocele. A varicocele is an inflammation of the veins that drain the testicle. This may prevent normal cooling of the testicle, which reduces the sperm count and fewer motile sperm.
Infection. Some infections can interfere with sperm production or sperm health, and can cause scarring that blocks the passage of sperm. These include certain sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including chlamydia and gonorrhea, prostate inflammation (prostatitis), swollen testicles due to mumps (mumps orchitis), tract and other infections of the urinary and reproductive organs.
Retrograde ejaculation. This occurs when semen enters the bladder during orgasm instead of out the penis. Several health problems can cause retrograde ejaculation including diabetes, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and surgery of the bladder, prostate or urethra. Retrograde ejaculation can be caused by certain medications - particularly medicines for the prostate, such as terazosin (Hytrin), tamsulosin (Flomax) and olealfuzosin (Uroxatral).
The lack of ejaculation. Some men with spinal cord injuries or diseases that can not ejaculate sperm, although they continue to produce sperm.
Antibodies that attack sperm. The anti-sperm immune system cells that are mistakenly identified in sperm as harmful invaders and tries to remove them. This is particularly common among men who have had vasectomies.
Tumors. Cancers and malignant tumors can affect the genitals of man directly, or may have glands that release hormones associated with reproduction (such as the pituitary gland). In some cases, surgical treatment of tumors can affect male fertility.
Undescended testes. In some men during fetal development of one or both testicles do not descend from the abdomen into the sac that usually contains the testicles (scrotum).
Hormonal imbalances. Infertility can be caused by disorders of the testicles themselves, or abnormalities of the brain affects the glands that produce testosterone and other hormones that control the testicles (the hypothalamus or pituitary gland). Low testosterone (male hypogonadism), and other hormonal problems are several possible reasons for this.
Defects in sperm duct. Tubes that carry sperm (sperm ducts) can cause damage to the illness or injury. Some men are born in the jam of the testicle that contains sperm (epididymis), or blockage of one or both tubes that carry sperm from the testicle. Men who have cystic fibrosis and other inherited diseases can occur without a sperm ducts completely.
Chromosome abnormalities. The inherited disorders such as Klinefelter's syndrome - in which a man born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome instead of one X chromosome and one Y - cause abnormal development of male reproductive organs.
Problems with sex. It can be difficult to maintain or sustain an erection sufficient for sex (erectile dysfunction), premature ejaculation, painful intercourse, or psychological or relationship that interfere with sex.
Celiac disease. A digestive disorder caused by gluten sensitivity, celiac disease can cause male infertility. May improve fertility after adopting a gluten-free diet.
Certain medications. Replacement therapy testosterone, long-term use of anabolic steroids, cancer drugs (chemotherapy), certain antibiotics, certain drugs for ulcers and certain other drugs interfere with sperm production and reduced male fertility.
Environmental causes
Excessive to specific environmental aspects, such as heat, toxins and chemicals can reduce sperm production or sperm function. Specific causes include:
Pesticides. Some men are exposed to pesticides such as ethylene dibromide and organophosphates have lowered sperm. Pesticide exposure has also been associated with testicular cancer. Most studies are performed on men who work in agriculture or live in rural areas.
Heavy metal exposure. Exposure to lead or other heavy metals can also cause infertility.
Exposure to radiation or X-rays. The radiation exposure can reduce sperm production. It may take several years for the production of sperm to return to normal. With high doses of radiation can be sperm production will be reduced permanently.
Overheating of the testicles. Frequent use of saunas and hot baths may temporarily reduce your sperm count. Sitting for long periods or wearing tight clothing can also increase the temperature in your portfolio and reduce sperm production.
In the long term cycling. In the long term cycling is another possible cause of reduced fertility in overheating of the testicles. In some cases, the pressure on the rear seat of the testicles (perineum) can cause penile numbness and erectile dysfunction.
Reasons of health, lifestyle and other
Some other causes of male infertility are:
Use of illicit drugs. Anabolic steroids taken to promote the growth and muscle strength can cause the testicles to shrink and decrease sperm production. Cocaine or marijuana may temporarily reduce the number and quality of sperm as well.
Alcohol abuse. Heavy drinking can lower testosterone levels that cause erectile dysfunction and reduced sperm production. Liver disease caused by excessive consumption can also cause fertility problems.
Smoke. Men who smoke may have a lower sperm count than children who do not smoke. Cigarette smoking can also affect male fertility.
Emotional stress. Stress can interfere with certain hormones necessary for sperm production. Your sperm count may be affected if you experience severe or prolonged emotional stress. A problem with fertility itself can sometimes be long term and discouraging, producing stress.
Deficiency of vitamin A. Deficiencies of nutrients such as vitamin C, selenium, zinc and folic acid may help male infertility.
Weight. Obesity can cause hormonal changes that reduce male fertility. Men who are underweight may have reduced fertility.
Age. Men aged over 35 is starting to have a gradual decline in fertility.
Symptoms Of Male infertility
The most important sign of male infertility is the inability to think of the child. Often, there are no other obvious symptoms. In some cases, however, the underlying problem, such as hormonal imbalance or hereditary condition that prevents the passage of sperm can cause symptoms. Male Infertility Symptoms may include:
The inability to think of a child
Problems with sexual function - for example, difficult to reach orgasm (ejaculation delay), or difficulty maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction)
Pain, swelling or lump in the testicles.
Impaired facial hair or body, or other signs of abnormal hormonal or chromosomal
When to seek medical advice
See a doctor if you:
They are unable to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse
This erection or ejaculation, low sexual desire, sexual activity or other problems
Are pain, discomfort or swelling of the testis area fixed.
Have a lower than normal sperm count (less than 20 million sperm per milliliter of semen)
Had problems a testicle, prostate or sexual
A surgery in the groin, testicles, penis or scrotum
The inability to think of a child
Problems with sexual function - for example, difficult to reach orgasm (ejaculation delay), or difficulty maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction)
Pain, swelling or lump in the testicles.
Impaired facial hair or body, or other signs of abnormal hormonal or chromosomal
When to seek medical advice
See a doctor if you:
They are unable to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse
This erection or ejaculation, low sexual desire, sexual activity or other problems
Are pain, discomfort or swelling of the testis area fixed.
Have a lower than normal sperm count (less than 20 million sperm per milliliter of semen)
Had problems a testicle, prostate or sexual
A surgery in the groin, testicles, penis or scrotum
Male infertility Overview
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| Male infertility |
Male infertility due to low sperm production, sperm are deformed or property, or blocks that prevent the delivery of sperm. Diseases, injuries, chronic health problems, lifestyle choices and other factors may play a role in causing male infertility.
Not being able to conceive can be stressful and frustrating, but a series of treatments for male infertility are available. Approaches may include treating the male partner, the female partner, or both.
Prevention Of Infertility
Most types of male infertility are not preventable. However, avoid drugs and consumption of snuff and alcohol abuse, which may contribute to male infertility. In addition, high temperatures can affect sperm production and motility. Although this effect is temporary, avoid hot baths and steam baths.
For couples can have sex two to three times a week to improve fertility. For frequent ejaculation may reduce sperm quality. Sperm survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 72 hours and an egg can be fertilized for up to 24 hours after ovulation.
A woman can increase your chances of getting pregnant in a number of ways:
Exercise moderately. Regular exercise is important, but if you are exercising so intensely, that menstruation is irregular or absent, your fertility may be compromised.
Avoid extremes of weight. Being overweight or underweight can affect your hormone production and cause infertility.
Avoid alcohol, tobacco and street. These substances can impair your ability to conceive and have a healthy pregnancy. Do not drink alcohol or smoke tobacco. Avoid illegal drugs such as marijuana and cocaine.
Limit caffeine. Women trying to become pregnant may want to limit caffeine consumption. Ask your doctor for instructions on the safe use of caffeine.
Limit medications. The use of prescription and nonprescription medicines can decrease your chances of getting pregnant or maintain pregnancy. Talk to your doctor about medications you take regularly.
For couples can have sex two to three times a week to improve fertility. For frequent ejaculation may reduce sperm quality. Sperm survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 72 hours and an egg can be fertilized for up to 24 hours after ovulation.
A woman can increase your chances of getting pregnant in a number of ways:
Exercise moderately. Regular exercise is important, but if you are exercising so intensely, that menstruation is irregular or absent, your fertility may be compromised.
Avoid extremes of weight. Being overweight or underweight can affect your hormone production and cause infertility.
Avoid alcohol, tobacco and street. These substances can impair your ability to conceive and have a healthy pregnancy. Do not drink alcohol or smoke tobacco. Avoid illegal drugs such as marijuana and cocaine.
Limit caffeine. Women trying to become pregnant may want to limit caffeine consumption. Ask your doctor for instructions on the safe use of caffeine.
Limit medications. The use of prescription and nonprescription medicines can decrease your chances of getting pregnant or maintain pregnancy. Talk to your doctor about medications you take regularly.
Coping And Support For Infertility
Treating infertility can be difficult. It is a known problem - can not predict how long it takes or what the outcome will be. Infertility is not necessarily solved with hard work. The emotional weight of the pair is significant.
Since these measures can help resolve:
Set limits. Decide in advance how many and what procedures are emotionally and financially acceptable for you and your partner and try to determine a final limit. Fertility treatment can be expensive and often not covered by insurance, and a successful pregnancy often depends on repeated attempts.
Consider other options. Determine alternatives - donor sperm for adoption, or eggs, surrogate motherhood, or even have children - as early as possible in the evaluation of infertility. This can reduce anxiety during treatments and feelings of hopelessness if conception does not occur.
Talk about your feelings. Locate support groups or counseling services for help before and after treatment to help support the process and facilitate the treatment of pain should fail.
Managing emotional stress during treatment
Acupuncture. This ancient therapy has been shown to reduce anxiety and increase optimism during IVF. Although it may have no effect on their chances of getting pregnant, you can make the process more tolerable.
Practice relaxation. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, which uses methods that include relaxation techniques and stress management was associated with higher pregnancy rates.
Express yourself. Reach out to others rather than repressing guilt or anger.
Keep in touch with your loved ones. Talking with your partner, your family and friends can be very beneficial. The best support often comes from relatives and loved ones.
CEO of the emotional impact on profits
Regardless of the outcome of fertility treatment, you will be faced with the possibility of psychological problems. Seek professional help if the emotional impact of any of these results is too heavy for you or your partner:
Failure. Emotional stress of failure can be devastating even the most loving and affectionate relationships and for people who are well prepared for the possibility of failure. Common emotions are anger, guilt, shock, self-esteem problems, sexual problems and marital problems.
Success. Even if fertility treatment is successful, it is common to feel stress and fear of failure during pregnancy. If you have a history of depression or anxiety disorder, which have a higher risk of recurring problems in the months following the birth of their son.
Multiple births. A successful pregnancy that results in a multiple birth introduces new complexities of medicine and the likelihood of considerable emotional stress during pregnancy and after delivery.
Since these measures can help resolve:
Set limits. Decide in advance how many and what procedures are emotionally and financially acceptable for you and your partner and try to determine a final limit. Fertility treatment can be expensive and often not covered by insurance, and a successful pregnancy often depends on repeated attempts.
Consider other options. Determine alternatives - donor sperm for adoption, or eggs, surrogate motherhood, or even have children - as early as possible in the evaluation of infertility. This can reduce anxiety during treatments and feelings of hopelessness if conception does not occur.
Talk about your feelings. Locate support groups or counseling services for help before and after treatment to help support the process and facilitate the treatment of pain should fail.
Managing emotional stress during treatment
Acupuncture. This ancient therapy has been shown to reduce anxiety and increase optimism during IVF. Although it may have no effect on their chances of getting pregnant, you can make the process more tolerable.
Practice relaxation. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, which uses methods that include relaxation techniques and stress management was associated with higher pregnancy rates.
Express yourself. Reach out to others rather than repressing guilt or anger.
Keep in touch with your loved ones. Talking with your partner, your family and friends can be very beneficial. The best support often comes from relatives and loved ones.
CEO of the emotional impact on profits
Regardless of the outcome of fertility treatment, you will be faced with the possibility of psychological problems. Seek professional help if the emotional impact of any of these results is too heavy for you or your partner:
Failure. Emotional stress of failure can be devastating even the most loving and affectionate relationships and for people who are well prepared for the possibility of failure. Common emotions are anger, guilt, shock, self-esteem problems, sexual problems and marital problems.
Success. Even if fertility treatment is successful, it is common to feel stress and fear of failure during pregnancy. If you have a history of depression or anxiety disorder, which have a higher risk of recurring problems in the months following the birth of their son.
Multiple births. A successful pregnancy that results in a multiple birth introduces new complexities of medicine and the likelihood of considerable emotional stress during pregnancy and after delivery.
Surgery Of Infertility
Surgery
Depending on the cause, surgery may be a treatment option for infertility. Blockages in the fallopian tubes, or other problems can often be repaired surgically. Laparoscopic techniques allow sensitive operations fallopian tubes.
If you have endometriosis, your doctor may treat you with ovulation therapy, in which a drug is used to stimulate or regulate ovulation, or in vitro fertilization, the egg and sperm are combined in laboratory and transferred to the uterus.
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART)
Every year thousands of children are born in the United States as a result of art. ART health team includes physicians, psychologists, embryologists, laboratory technicians, nurses and health professionals who work together to help infertile couples achieve pregnancy.
The most common forms of art are the following:
In vitro fertilization (IVF). In vitro fertilization with a woman in search of mature eggs, the fertilizing sperm in a laboratory dish and implanting the embryos in the uterus three to five days after fertilization.
Vibration or electrical stimulation to achieve ejaculation. Vibration or electrical stimulation leads to ejaculation to obtain semen. This procedure can be used in men with spinal cord injury who can not otherwise achieve ejaculation.
Surgical sperm aspiration. This technique involves removing sperm from part of the male reproductive tract, the epididymis, vas deferens or testicle. This allows retrieval of sperm if the ejaculatory duct is blocked.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This procedure consists of a microscopic technique (micromanipulation) in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg to achieve fertilization in conjunction with the standard IVF procedure.
Assisted hatching. This technique is designed to help embryo implantation in the wall of the uterus, open the outer shell of the embryo (hatching).
ART works best when the woman has a healthy uterus, responds well to fertility drugs and natural ovulation or use donor eggs. The man should have healthy sperm or donor sperm should be available. The success rate of antiretroviral therapy is less than 35 years.
Complications of therapy
Some of the existing complications in the treatment of infertility. These include:
Multiple pregnancy. The most common complication of ART is a multiple birth pregnancy. Generally, the higher the number of fetuses, the greater the risk of premature birth. Premature babies are at increased risk of health problems and development.
The number of quality embryos kept and matured to fetuses and birth ultimately is a decision made by the couple. If many are designed, eliminating one or more fetuses (multifetal pregnancy reduction) can improve the survival chances of the other fetuses.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). If overstimulated, a woman's ovaries may enlarge and cause pain and swelling. Mild or moderate symptoms often resolve without treatment, but in severe cases - entered the abdominal swelling and shortness of breath - require urgent treatment. Younger women and those who have polycystic ovary syndrome have an increased risk of developing OHSS than other women.
Bleeding or infection. As with any invasive procedure is a risk of bleeding or infection in assisted reproduction techniques.
Low birth weight. The greatest risk factor for low birth weight is a multiple birth pregnancy. Single live births, there may be more likely to be low birth weight is associated with ART.
Congenital malformations. There is some concern about a possible link between art and congenital malformations. Further research is needed to confirm this possible link. To evaluate this factor if you are considering the use of this therapy. ART is the most successful fertility treatment with the increase.
Depending on the cause, surgery may be a treatment option for infertility. Blockages in the fallopian tubes, or other problems can often be repaired surgically. Laparoscopic techniques allow sensitive operations fallopian tubes.
If you have endometriosis, your doctor may treat you with ovulation therapy, in which a drug is used to stimulate or regulate ovulation, or in vitro fertilization, the egg and sperm are combined in laboratory and transferred to the uterus.
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART)
Every year thousands of children are born in the United States as a result of art. ART health team includes physicians, psychologists, embryologists, laboratory technicians, nurses and health professionals who work together to help infertile couples achieve pregnancy.
The most common forms of art are the following:
In vitro fertilization (IVF). In vitro fertilization with a woman in search of mature eggs, the fertilizing sperm in a laboratory dish and implanting the embryos in the uterus three to five days after fertilization.
Vibration or electrical stimulation to achieve ejaculation. Vibration or electrical stimulation leads to ejaculation to obtain semen. This procedure can be used in men with spinal cord injury who can not otherwise achieve ejaculation.
Surgical sperm aspiration. This technique involves removing sperm from part of the male reproductive tract, the epididymis, vas deferens or testicle. This allows retrieval of sperm if the ejaculatory duct is blocked.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This procedure consists of a microscopic technique (micromanipulation) in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg to achieve fertilization in conjunction with the standard IVF procedure.
Assisted hatching. This technique is designed to help embryo implantation in the wall of the uterus, open the outer shell of the embryo (hatching).
ART works best when the woman has a healthy uterus, responds well to fertility drugs and natural ovulation or use donor eggs. The man should have healthy sperm or donor sperm should be available. The success rate of antiretroviral therapy is less than 35 years.
Complications of therapy
Some of the existing complications in the treatment of infertility. These include:
Multiple pregnancy. The most common complication of ART is a multiple birth pregnancy. Generally, the higher the number of fetuses, the greater the risk of premature birth. Premature babies are at increased risk of health problems and development.
The number of quality embryos kept and matured to fetuses and birth ultimately is a decision made by the couple. If many are designed, eliminating one or more fetuses (multifetal pregnancy reduction) can improve the survival chances of the other fetuses.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). If overstimulated, a woman's ovaries may enlarge and cause pain and swelling. Mild or moderate symptoms often resolve without treatment, but in severe cases - entered the abdominal swelling and shortness of breath - require urgent treatment. Younger women and those who have polycystic ovary syndrome have an increased risk of developing OHSS than other women.
Bleeding or infection. As with any invasive procedure is a risk of bleeding or infection in assisted reproduction techniques.
Low birth weight. The greatest risk factor for low birth weight is a multiple birth pregnancy. Single live births, there may be more likely to be low birth weight is associated with ART.
Congenital malformations. There is some concern about a possible link between art and congenital malformations. Further research is needed to confirm this possible link. To evaluate this factor if you are considering the use of this therapy. ART is the most successful fertility treatment with the increase.
Treatment Of Infertility
Treatment of infertility depends on the cause, how long you have been infertile, your age and your partner, and many personal preferences. Some causes of infertility can not be corrected. However, a woman still get pregnant with assisted reproductive technologies or other procedures to restore fertility.
Treatment for men
Approaches that involve the male include the treatment of:
General sexual problems. Dealing with impotence or premature ejaculation can improve fertility. The treatment of these problems often with medication or behavioral approaches.
The lack of sperm. If the lack of sperm is the suspected cause of infertility in a man's hormones or surgery to correct the problem or the use of assisted reproductive technologies may be possible. In some cases, sperm can be taken directly from the testis or bladder recovered and injected into an egg in the laboratory.
Treatment of women
Fertility drugs are the main treatment for women who are infertile due to ovulation disorders. These medications regulate or induce ovulation. In general, they act like natural hormones - such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) - ovulation. Fertility drugs commonly used are:
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene). This drug is taken orally and stimulates ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or other disorders ovulatory. It causes the pituitary gland to release more FSH and LH, which stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle containing an egg.
Human menopausal gonadotropin (Repronex, Menopur). This medication is injected for women who do not ovulate on their own due to a failure of the pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation. Unlike clomiphene, which stimulates the pituitary gland, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and other gonadotropins directly stimulate the ovaries. This material contains both FSH and LH.
Follicle stimulating hormone (Brave it). FSH acts by stimulating the maturation of ovarian follicles in the ovaries.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (Ovidrel, Pregnyl). Used in combination with clomiphene, hMG and FSH, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulates the follicle to release its egg (ovulation).
GnRH analogues of the hormone. This treatment is designed for women who have irregular or who ovulate prematurely ovulaatiokierron - before bringing the follicle is mature - during hMG treatment. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) analogues to suppress the activity of the pituitary, which alters the production of hormones so that your doctor can cause FSH, follicle growth.
Aromatase inhibitors. This class of drugs that includes letrozole (Femara) and anastrozole (Arimidex), was approved for advanced breast cancer. Sometimes doctors prescribe them women, who do not ovulate on their own and who have not responded to the treatment of clomiphene citrate. These drugs are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration to induce ovulation, and the effect of early pregnancy is not yet known.
Metformin (Glucophage). This medicine is taken orally to stimulate ovulation. Used when insulin resistance is a known cause or suspected infertility. Insulin resistance may play a role in the development of PCOS.
Bromocriptine (Parlodel). This drug is for women whose ovulation cycles are irregular due to elevated prolactin, a hormone that stimulates milk production in new mothers. Bromocriptine prevents the production of prolactin.
Treatment for men
Approaches that involve the male include the treatment of:
General sexual problems. Dealing with impotence or premature ejaculation can improve fertility. The treatment of these problems often with medication or behavioral approaches.
The lack of sperm. If the lack of sperm is the suspected cause of infertility in a man's hormones or surgery to correct the problem or the use of assisted reproductive technologies may be possible. In some cases, sperm can be taken directly from the testis or bladder recovered and injected into an egg in the laboratory.
Treatment of women
Fertility drugs are the main treatment for women who are infertile due to ovulation disorders. These medications regulate or induce ovulation. In general, they act like natural hormones - such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) - ovulation. Fertility drugs commonly used are:
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene). This drug is taken orally and stimulates ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or other disorders ovulatory. It causes the pituitary gland to release more FSH and LH, which stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle containing an egg.
Human menopausal gonadotropin (Repronex, Menopur). This medication is injected for women who do not ovulate on their own due to a failure of the pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation. Unlike clomiphene, which stimulates the pituitary gland, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and other gonadotropins directly stimulate the ovaries. This material contains both FSH and LH.
Follicle stimulating hormone (Brave it). FSH acts by stimulating the maturation of ovarian follicles in the ovaries.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (Ovidrel, Pregnyl). Used in combination with clomiphene, hMG and FSH, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulates the follicle to release its egg (ovulation).
GnRH analogues of the hormone. This treatment is designed for women who have irregular or who ovulate prematurely ovulaatiokierron - before bringing the follicle is mature - during hMG treatment. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) analogues to suppress the activity of the pituitary, which alters the production of hormones so that your doctor can cause FSH, follicle growth.
Aromatase inhibitors. This class of drugs that includes letrozole (Femara) and anastrozole (Arimidex), was approved for advanced breast cancer. Sometimes doctors prescribe them women, who do not ovulate on their own and who have not responded to the treatment of clomiphene citrate. These drugs are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration to induce ovulation, and the effect of early pregnancy is not yet known.
Metformin (Glucophage). This medicine is taken orally to stimulate ovulation. Used when insulin resistance is a known cause or suspected infertility. Insulin resistance may play a role in the development of PCOS.
Bromocriptine (Parlodel). This drug is for women whose ovulation cycles are irregular due to elevated prolactin, a hormone that stimulates milk production in new mothers. Bromocriptine prevents the production of prolactin.
Tests and diagnosis Of Infertility
Before surgery, infertility testing, be aware that a certain amount of effort required. Doctor, is to clarify what sexual practices are, and make recommendations on how it might be necessary to change habits. The tests and periods of trial and error, it may take several months. Approximately one third of infertile couples, no specific cause can not be found (unexplained infertility).
The evaluation is expensive and in some cases associated with unpleasant procedures, and expenses can not replace many of the health plans. Finally, there is no guarantee - despite all the tests and advice - the design is done.
The tests for men
So that the man is fertile, the testicles must produce enough healthy sperm, and semen is ejaculated effectively into the woman's vagina. Tests of male infertility, trying to find out if these processes are altered.
General physical examination. This includes the examination of the genitals and questions about medical history of disease and disability, drugs and sexual habits.
Semen analysis. This is a very important test for her boyfriend. Your doctor may request one or more of the semen samples. Sperm is usually obtained by masturbation or interruption of sexual intercourse and ejaculation of semen into a clean container. Laboratory analysis of a sample of semen volume, color, and infections or bleeding.
Hormonal tests. A blood test to determine levels of testosterone and other male hormones is common.
Scrotal and transrectal ultrasonography. Ultrasound can help your doctor to explain the conditions, such as premature ejaculation and obstruction back.
Tests for women
For a woman is fertile, the ovaries must release healthy eggs regularly, and the reproductive system must allow the eggs and sperm to pass into the fallopian tubes to be fertilized by sperm. Her reproductive organs must be healthy and functional.
When a doctor asks questions about health history, menstrual cycle and sexual habits, you are a general physical examination. This includes a regular gynecological exam. Fertility tests may include:
Ovulation tests. A blood test is sometimes performed to measure hormone levels to determine if you are ovulating.
Hysterosalpingography. This test evaluates the condition in the uterus and fallopian tubes. Fluid is injected into the uterus, and the X-ray is taken, if the cavity is normal and will ensure that the fluid goes through the fallopian tubes. Jam or problems can often be localized and can be corrected surgically.
Laparoscopy. It is performed under general anesthesia, this procedure involves making a small incision (8 to 10 mm) below the navel and inserting a thin viewing device to examine the fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus.
The most common problems faced by laparoscopy are endometriosis and scarring. Your doctor can also detect blockages or irregularities of the fallopian tubes and uterus. Laparoscopy is usually done in an outpatient basis.
Hormonal tests. Hormonal tests can be done to control the level of hormones of ovulation, thyroid and pituitary hormones.
Ovarian reserve tests. Testing can be done to determine the potential effectiveness of eggs after ovulation. This approach typically begins with hormone testing early in the menstrual cycle of women.
Genetic testing. Genetic testing can be done, if there is a genetic defect that causes infertility.
Pelvic ultrasound. Pelvic ultrasound can be done to find the tube of the disease tubes or pipes.
Not everyone needs to experience all or many of these tests before the cause of infertility is found. What tests are used and their sequence depend on discussion and agreement between you and your doctor.
The evaluation is expensive and in some cases associated with unpleasant procedures, and expenses can not replace many of the health plans. Finally, there is no guarantee - despite all the tests and advice - the design is done.
The tests for men
So that the man is fertile, the testicles must produce enough healthy sperm, and semen is ejaculated effectively into the woman's vagina. Tests of male infertility, trying to find out if these processes are altered.
General physical examination. This includes the examination of the genitals and questions about medical history of disease and disability, drugs and sexual habits.
Semen analysis. This is a very important test for her boyfriend. Your doctor may request one or more of the semen samples. Sperm is usually obtained by masturbation or interruption of sexual intercourse and ejaculation of semen into a clean container. Laboratory analysis of a sample of semen volume, color, and infections or bleeding.
Hormonal tests. A blood test to determine levels of testosterone and other male hormones is common.
Scrotal and transrectal ultrasonography. Ultrasound can help your doctor to explain the conditions, such as premature ejaculation and obstruction back.
Tests for women
For a woman is fertile, the ovaries must release healthy eggs regularly, and the reproductive system must allow the eggs and sperm to pass into the fallopian tubes to be fertilized by sperm. Her reproductive organs must be healthy and functional.
When a doctor asks questions about health history, menstrual cycle and sexual habits, you are a general physical examination. This includes a regular gynecological exam. Fertility tests may include:
Ovulation tests. A blood test is sometimes performed to measure hormone levels to determine if you are ovulating.
Hysterosalpingography. This test evaluates the condition in the uterus and fallopian tubes. Fluid is injected into the uterus, and the X-ray is taken, if the cavity is normal and will ensure that the fluid goes through the fallopian tubes. Jam or problems can often be localized and can be corrected surgically.
Laparoscopy. It is performed under general anesthesia, this procedure involves making a small incision (8 to 10 mm) below the navel and inserting a thin viewing device to examine the fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus.
The most common problems faced by laparoscopy are endometriosis and scarring. Your doctor can also detect blockages or irregularities of the fallopian tubes and uterus. Laparoscopy is usually done in an outpatient basis.
Hormonal tests. Hormonal tests can be done to control the level of hormones of ovulation, thyroid and pituitary hormones.
Ovarian reserve tests. Testing can be done to determine the potential effectiveness of eggs after ovulation. This approach typically begins with hormone testing early in the menstrual cycle of women.
Genetic testing. Genetic testing can be done, if there is a genetic defect that causes infertility.
Pelvic ultrasound. Pelvic ultrasound can be done to find the tube of the disease tubes or pipes.
Not everyone needs to experience all or many of these tests before the cause of infertility is found. What tests are used and their sequence depend on discussion and agreement between you and your doctor.
Infertility Risk Fcators
Many risk factors for both male and female infertility are the same. They include:
Age. After 30 years as a woman reduces the fertility potential. Infertility in older women may be due to a higher rate of chromosomal abnormalities that occur in eggs as they age or health problems that can affect fertility. Men aged over 40 years may be less fertile than younger men.
Smoking. A couple of chances of achieving pregnancy is reduced if one smokes snuff. Smoking also reduces the potential benefit of fertility treatment. Miscarriages are more common in women who smoke.
Alcohol consumption. For women, there is no safe level of alcohol use during conception or pregnancy. Alcohol increases the risk of birth defects and can also - in moderate to severe levels - making it harder to get pregnant. Moderate alcohol consumption does not appear to decrease male fertility.
Excess weight. Among American women, infertility is often due to physical inactivity and overweight. Moreover, the number of sperm a man can suffer if you are overweight.
Underweight. Women at risk are those with eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia, and women, after a very low-calorie or restrictive diet.
Too much exercise. In some studies, more than seven hours of exercise per week were associated with ovulation problems. On the other hand, are not enough physical exercise contributes to obesity, which also increases infertility.
Age. After 30 years as a woman reduces the fertility potential. Infertility in older women may be due to a higher rate of chromosomal abnormalities that occur in eggs as they age or health problems that can affect fertility. Men aged over 40 years may be less fertile than younger men.
Smoking. A couple of chances of achieving pregnancy is reduced if one smokes snuff. Smoking also reduces the potential benefit of fertility treatment. Miscarriages are more common in women who smoke.
Alcohol consumption. For women, there is no safe level of alcohol use during conception or pregnancy. Alcohol increases the risk of birth defects and can also - in moderate to severe levels - making it harder to get pregnant. Moderate alcohol consumption does not appear to decrease male fertility.
Excess weight. Among American women, infertility is often due to physical inactivity and overweight. Moreover, the number of sperm a man can suffer if you are overweight.
Underweight. Women at risk are those with eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia, and women, after a very low-calorie or restrictive diet.
Too much exercise. In some studies, more than seven hours of exercise per week were associated with ovulation problems. On the other hand, are not enough physical exercise contributes to obesity, which also increases infertility.
Causes oF Infertility
Pregnancy, the complex processes of ovulation and fertilization are done just right. For some couples who wish to become pregnant, something goes wrong along the way, that is infertility.
Cause or causes of infertility can involve one or both parties. In general:
In approximately one third of cases infertility is due to a case involving only the male partner.
In another third of infertility cases are due to reasons involving men and women.
In the remaining third of infertility cases are due to a case involving only women.
The causes of male infertility
Many things can affect sperm quality, the ability to move (motility) or the ability to fertilize the egg. The most common causes of male infertility are:
Abnormal sperm production or function due to various problems such as undescended testes, genetic defects or recurrent infections.
Problems with the delivery of sperm due to sexual problems like premature ejaculation or painful intercourse (dyspareunia), health issues, such as retrograde ejaculation, some genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis, or structural problems such as blocking part of the testicle that contains sperm (epididymis).
General health problems and lifestyle, such as poor diet, obesity, or use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs.
Excessive exposure to certain environmental factors, such as pesticides and other chemicals. In addition, repeated exposure to excessive heat such as saunas and hot tubs can elevate body temperature. This can impair sperm production and lower sperm counts.
Damage related to cancer and its treatment. Both radiation and chemotherapy for cancer can impair sperm production, sometimes severely. Closer to radiotherapy in the testes, the greater the risk of infertility. Removing one or both testicles due to cancer can also affect male fertility.
Age. Men aged over 40 years may be less fertile than younger men.
The causes of female infertility
The most common causes of female infertility are:
Fallopian tube damage or blockage, which is often caused by inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis). Chlamydia, sexually transmitted infections, is the most common cause.
Endometriosis, which occurs when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus and implants - often affect the activity of sperm, eggs and ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes.
Disorders of ovulation, which can prevent the ovaries to release eggs (anovulation). Possible causes include injury, tumors, excessive exercise and starvation. In addition, some drugs may be related to ovulation disorders.
Elevated prolactin (hyperprolactinemia), a hormone that stimulates milk production. High levels in women who are pregnant or nursing may affect ovulation.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition in which the body produces too much androgen hormones that cause ovulation problems. PCOS is also associated with insulin resistance and obesity.
Early menopause, which is the absence of menstruation and the rapid depletion of ovarian follicles before the age of 40 Although the cause is often unknown, certain conditions associated with early menopause, including immune system diseases, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and smoking.
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the lining of the uterus and are common among women in their 30s and 40s. In rare cases they can cause infertility by blocking the fallopian tubes. Most often, fibroids interfere with proper implantation of the fertilized egg.
Pelvic adhesions, bands of scar tissue that bind organs after pelvic infection, appendicitis, or abdominal or pelvic surgery. This scarring can impair fertility.
Other reasons for women
Drugs. Temporary infertility may occur with the use of certain drugs. In most cases, fertility returns after stopping the drug.
Thyroid problems. Thyroid disorders, thyroid hormone is too high (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism) can interrupt the menstrual cycle and cause infertility.
Cancer and its treatment. Certain cancers - particularly women's reproductive cancers - often severely impair female fertility. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can affect the ability of a woman to reproduce. Chemotherapy may impair reproductive function and fertility in men and women.
Other diseases. Diseases associated with delayed puberty or amenorrhea, such as Cushing's disease, sickle cell anemia, kidney disease and diabetes, can affect female fertility.
Cause or causes of infertility can involve one or both parties. In general:
In approximately one third of cases infertility is due to a case involving only the male partner.
In another third of infertility cases are due to reasons involving men and women.
In the remaining third of infertility cases are due to a case involving only women.
The causes of male infertility
Many things can affect sperm quality, the ability to move (motility) or the ability to fertilize the egg. The most common causes of male infertility are:
Abnormal sperm production or function due to various problems such as undescended testes, genetic defects or recurrent infections.
Problems with the delivery of sperm due to sexual problems like premature ejaculation or painful intercourse (dyspareunia), health issues, such as retrograde ejaculation, some genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis, or structural problems such as blocking part of the testicle that contains sperm (epididymis).
General health problems and lifestyle, such as poor diet, obesity, or use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs.
Excessive exposure to certain environmental factors, such as pesticides and other chemicals. In addition, repeated exposure to excessive heat such as saunas and hot tubs can elevate body temperature. This can impair sperm production and lower sperm counts.
Damage related to cancer and its treatment. Both radiation and chemotherapy for cancer can impair sperm production, sometimes severely. Closer to radiotherapy in the testes, the greater the risk of infertility. Removing one or both testicles due to cancer can also affect male fertility.
Age. Men aged over 40 years may be less fertile than younger men.
The causes of female infertility
The most common causes of female infertility are:
Fallopian tube damage or blockage, which is often caused by inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis). Chlamydia, sexually transmitted infections, is the most common cause.
Endometriosis, which occurs when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus and implants - often affect the activity of sperm, eggs and ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes.
Disorders of ovulation, which can prevent the ovaries to release eggs (anovulation). Possible causes include injury, tumors, excessive exercise and starvation. In addition, some drugs may be related to ovulation disorders.
Elevated prolactin (hyperprolactinemia), a hormone that stimulates milk production. High levels in women who are pregnant or nursing may affect ovulation.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition in which the body produces too much androgen hormones that cause ovulation problems. PCOS is also associated with insulin resistance and obesity.
Early menopause, which is the absence of menstruation and the rapid depletion of ovarian follicles before the age of 40 Although the cause is often unknown, certain conditions associated with early menopause, including immune system diseases, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and smoking.
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the lining of the uterus and are common among women in their 30s and 40s. In rare cases they can cause infertility by blocking the fallopian tubes. Most often, fibroids interfere with proper implantation of the fertilized egg.
Pelvic adhesions, bands of scar tissue that bind organs after pelvic infection, appendicitis, or abdominal or pelvic surgery. This scarring can impair fertility.
Other reasons for women
Drugs. Temporary infertility may occur with the use of certain drugs. In most cases, fertility returns after stopping the drug.
Thyroid problems. Thyroid disorders, thyroid hormone is too high (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism) can interrupt the menstrual cycle and cause infertility.
Cancer and its treatment. Certain cancers - particularly women's reproductive cancers - often severely impair female fertility. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can affect the ability of a woman to reproduce. Chemotherapy may impair reproductive function and fertility in men and women.
Other diseases. Diseases associated with delayed puberty or amenorrhea, such as Cushing's disease, sickle cell anemia, kidney disease and diabetes, can affect female fertility.
Symptoms Of Infertility
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| Symptoms Of Infertility |
The main sign of infertility is the inability of a couple to get pregnant. There can be no obvious symptoms.
In some cases, the barren woman may have abnormal menstrual periods. Infertile men may have some signs of hormonal problems, such as changes in hair growth or sexual function.
When to seek medical advice
In general, do not be too concerned about infertility unless you and your partner have been trying to think about on a regular basis for at least a year. Talk to your doctor first, but if you're a woman:
You are 34 years or older and have tried to conceive for six months or more
You irregular periods or not at all
Your periods are very painful
Who have been diagnosed with endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
He has had more than one miscarriage
If you are a man, talk to your doctor if you have:
Low sperm count
A history of testicular, prostate or sexual problems
Infertility Overview
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| Infertility |
Infertility can be caused by a single cause you or your partner, or a combination of factors that can prevent pregnancy from occurring or continuing. Fortunately, there are many safe and effective treatments to overcome infertility. These treatments significantly improve your chances of getting pregnant.
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